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Meta-Analysis
. 2019 Feb;35(2):e3095.
doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3095. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Resting heart rate and risk of type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study and meta-analysis

Dong Hoon Lee  1 , Leandro Fórnias Machado de Rezende  2 , Frank B Hu  1   3   4 , Justin Y Jeon  5   6 , Edward L Giovannucci  1   3   4
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Resting heart rate and risk of type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study and meta-analysis

Dong Hoon Lee et al. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2019 Feb.

Abstract

Background: Positive association between resting heart rate (RHR) and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been documented in several studies. However, whether RHR is an independent predictor of T2D and its potential interaction with other risk factors of T2D remain unclear.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 31 156 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1992-2012). Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the association between RHR and T2D risk. We further examined whether this association is modified by known risk factors. Lastly, we conducted a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Results: During 505 380 person-years of follow-up, we identified 2338 incident T2D cases. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) comparing the highest vs lowest categories of RHR was 1.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43-2.01). Increase in 10 bpm of RHR was associated with 19% increased risk of T2D in the fully adjusted model (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.14-1.24). The HRs of T2D associated with RHR were stronger among those with normal weight or without hypertension (P interaction < 0.001). Moreover, RHR with other known risk factors cumulatively increased T2D risk. A meta-analysis consistently showed a positive association between RHR and T2D risk (the summary relative risk [RR] for highest vs lowest RHR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.26-1.86, n = 12, the summary RR per 10 bpm increase, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.09-1.26, n = 13).

Conclusions: High RHR was independently associated with increased risk of T2D. Our findings suggest that RHR, with other known risk factors, could be a useful tool to predict T2D risk.

Keywords: interaction; meta-analysis; prospective cohort; resting heart rate; risk factor; type 2 diabetes.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest

The authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Meta-analysis of the association between resting heart rate and type 2 diabetes: A. Resting heart rate for the highest vs. lowest categories, B. Resting heart rate for 10 bpm increase.
Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Meta-analysis of the association between resting heart rate and type 2 diabetes: A. Resting heart rate for the highest vs. lowest categories, B. Resting heart rate for 10 bpm increase.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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