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. 2018 Oct 25;52Suppl 2(Suppl 2):8s.
doi: 10.11606/S1518-8787.2018052000622.

Cost-related underuse of medications in older adults: ELSI-Brazil

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Antônio Ignácio de Loyola Filho  1   2   3 , Josélia Oliveira Araújo Firmo  1   2 , Juliana Vaz de Melo Mambrini  1   2 , Sérgio Viana Peixoto  1   2   3 , Paulo Roberto Borges de Souza Junior  4 , Fabíola Bof de Andrade  1   2 , Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa  1   2 , Francisco de Assis Acúrcio  5
Affiliations

Cost-related underuse of medications in older adults: ELSI-Brazil

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Antônio Ignácio de Loyola Filho et al. Rev Saude Publica. .

Abstract
in English, Portuguese

Objective: To assess the prevalence and factors associated with cost-related underuse of medications in a nationally representative sample of Brazilians aged 50 years and over.

Methods: Among the 9,412 participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), 6,014 reported using at least one medication on regular basis and were included in the analysis. Underuse of medications was by stopping taking or reducing the number of tablets or the dose of any prescribed medication for financial reasons. The theoretical framework used for the selection of the exploratory variables included predisposing factors, enabling factors, and factors of need. Associations were tested by Poisson regression.

Results: The prevalence of underuse of medications was 10.6%. After adjustments for relevant covariables, positive and statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) with the outcome were found for females [prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.39], sufficiency of the family income for expenses (PR = 1.74 for sometimes and PR 2.42 for never), frequency with which the physician explains about the disease and treatment (PR = 1.31 for rarely or never), number of medications used (PR = 1.39 for 2-4 and 1.53 for 5 or more), fair (PR = 2.02) and poor or very poor self-rated health (PR = 2.92), and a previous medical diagnosis of depression (PR = 1.69). Negative associations were observed for the age groups of 60-79 years (PR = 0.75) and 80 years and over (PR = 0.43), socioeconomic status of the household (PR = 0.70, 0.79, and 0.60 for the second, third, and fourth quartile, respectively), and private health plan coverage (PR = 0.79). There were no associations between hypertension and self-reported diabetes and underuse of medications.

Conclusions: Cost-related underuse of medications is multidimensional and complex, and it covers socio-demographic characteristics, health conditions, and the use of health services. The explanation about the disease and its treatment to the patient and the expansion of the universal access to pharmaceutical care can minimize the risks of underuse.

OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados à subutilização de medicamentos por motivos financeiros em amostra nacional representativa da população brasileira com 50 anos ou mais.

MÉTODOS: Entre 9.412 participantes do Estudo Longitudinal sobre a Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros (ELSI-Brasil), 6.014 informaram usar medicamento(s) de uso contínuo e foram incluídos na análise. A subutilização de medicamentos foi definida como ter, por motivos financeiros, deixado de tomar ou ter diminuído o número de comprimidos ou a dose de algum medicamento receitado pelo médico. O marco teórico empregado para a seleção das variáveis exploratórias incluiu fatores predisponentes, capacitantes e de necessidade. As associações foram testadas por meio de regressão de Poisson.

RESULTADOS: A prevalência de subutilização de medicamentos foi de 10,6%. Após ajustes pertinentes, associações positivas e estatisticamente significantes (p < 0,05) com o desfecho foram observadas para o sexo feminino [razão de prevalência (RP) = 1,39]; renda familiar às vezes (RP = 1,74) e nunca (RP = 2,94) suficiente para as despesas; frequência com que o médico explica sobre a doença e tratamento (RP = 1,31 para raramente ou nunca); número de medicamentos utilizados (RP = 1,39 para 2–4 e 1,53 para 5 ou mais); autoavaliação da saúde razoável (RP = 2,02) e ruim ou muito ruim (RP = 2,92); e diagnóstico médico de depressão (RP = 1,69). Associações negativas foram observadas para idade igual a 60–79 (RP = 0,75) e 80 anos ou mais (RP = 0,43), posição socioeconômica do domicílio (RP = 0,70; 0,79 e 0,60 para o segundo, terceiro e quartil superior) e cobertura por plano privado de saúde (RP = 0,79). Não foram observadas associações entre hipertensão e diabetes autorreferidos e subutilização de medicamentos.

CONCLUSÕES: A subutilização de medicamentos por motivos financeiros tem caráter multidimensional e complexo, abrangendo características sociodemográficas, de condições de saúde e de utilização de serviços de saúde. Esclarecer ao paciente sobre a doença e o seu tratamento, e ampliar o acesso universal à assistência farmacêutica, podem minimizar os riscos da subutilização.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure
Figure. Prevalence of cost-related underuse of medications according to age group, for total population, and stratified by sex. Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), 2015–2016.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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