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. 2019 Mar;7(3):1024-1031.e3.
doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.10.025. Epub 2018 Oct 29.

Acquired Cold-Induced Urticaria in Pediatric Patients: A 22-Year Experience in a Tertiary Care Center (1996-2017)

Christina S K Yee  1 , Kristel El Khoury  1 , Sultan Albuhairi  1 , Ana Broyles  1 , Lynda Schneider  1 , Rima Rachid  2
Affiliations

Acquired Cold-Induced Urticaria in Pediatric Patients: A 22-Year Experience in a Tertiary Care Center (1996-2017)

Christina S K Yee et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019 Mar.

Abstract

Background: Acquired cold-induced urticaria (ACU) has not been well evaluated in pediatrics.

Objective: To further evaluate the presentation of ACU in children and associated risk of anaphylaxis.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed in children 18 years or younger diagnosed with ACU at Boston Children's Hospital (US, Northeast) from 1996 to 2017.

Results: A total of 415 patients with ACU were identified, aged 4 months to 18.3 years at the time of diagnosis, with similar male:female distribution. Most patients had a history of atopic disease (78.3%), and 25.8% had other urticaria. Around two-third of patients experienced only localized cold-induced symptoms (grade 1), whereas 14.0% had diffuse cutaneous symptoms (grade 2) as the most severe reaction, and 18.6% experienced anaphylaxis (grade 3). Swimming triggered 77.6% of grade 3 reactions, whereas the rest were secondary to ingestion of cold food or beverages, or cold air or cold water exposure. Seven percent of subjects had more than 1 episode of anaphylaxis. Cold stimulation test (CST) was performed in 61.7% of patients, and the result was positive in 69.9% of those tested. Positive CST result was significantly associated with increased risk of anaphylaxis. There was a 11.7% rate of anaphylaxis among patients with negative CST result. Disease resolution at any point in the study period was documented in 8.9% of patients and was associated with a negative history of anaphylaxis.

Conclusions: In the largest study to date on ACU, grade 3 reactions occurred in about a fifth of patients. Positive CST result was associated with a higher risk for anaphylaxis from ACU. Epinephrine prescription and patient/family counseling about risk factors for grade 3 reactions are recommended.

Keywords: Acquired cold urticaria; Anaphylaxis; Atopy; Children; Chronic urticaria; Cold stimulation test; Cold-induced urticaria; Ice-cube test; Pediatric; Physical urticaria.

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  • Reply.
    Yee CSK, El Khoury K, Albuhairi S, Broyles A, Schneider L, Rachid R. Yee CSK, et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019 Apr;7(4):1376-1377. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.01.020. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019. PMID: 30961845 No abstract available.
  • Cold-induced urticaria in a child with familial Mediterranean fever.
    Batu ED, Vezir E. Batu ED, et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019 Apr;7(4):1376. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.01.019. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019. PMID: 30961846 No abstract available.

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