Reducing missed oral care opportunities to prevent non-ventilator associated hospital acquired pneumonia at the Department of Veterans Affairs

Abstract

Consistently delivered, effective oral care targets bacterial multiplication reducing the risk of non-ventilator associated hospital acquired pneumonia (NV-HAP).

Aim: Determine the effect of a twice daily oral care initiative on the incidence and cost of NV-HAP.

Methods: This single arm intervention study used pre/post population data to determine the effectiveness of a universal, standardized oral care protocol vs. usual care in preventing NV-HAP. This phase followed a retrospective study of 14,396 patient days (2002-2012) that determined the pre-intervention levels of nursing care provided, and the overall disease prevalence.

Results: The pilot incidence rate on the geriatric units decreased from 105 to 8.3 cases per 1,000 patient days (by 92%) in the first year. The intervention yielded an estimated cost avoidance of $2.84 million and 13 lives saved in 19 months post-implementation. Expansion of this study as quality improvement is in progress at 8 VA hospitals with plans for national VA deployment.

Conclusions: While oral care may seem deceptively simple in terms of base care provision, hospital and nursing services struggle to provide effective oral care delivery with high-reliability. Barriers to oral care include: (1) the perception that oral care is an optional daily care activity for patient's comfort, (2) hospitals supply inadequate, poorly designed oral care materials, and (3) hospitals are not required to monitor the incidence of NV-HAP. The impact of consistently delivered oral care is substantial in terms of Veteran health, quality of life, and well-being in addition to considerable cost avoidance.

Keywords: Hospital acquired pneumonia prevention; Non-ventilator; Oral care; Veterans.