Toy gun eye injuries - eye protection needed Helsinki ocular trauma study

Abstract

Purpose: We report the epidemiology, findings, treatment, long-term outcome and use of resources for eye injuries caused by toy guns in southern Finland.

Methods: All new patients injured by toy guns in one year (2011-2012) and treated at Helsinki University Eye Hospital were included. Follow-ups occurred at 3 months and 5 years.

Results: Toy guns caused 15 eye traumas (1% of all eye traumas). Most patients were male (n = 14) and children aged under 16 years (n = 13). Toy guns involved were airsoft guns (n = 12), pea shooters (n = 2) and paintball (n = 1). Eleven patients did not use protective eyewear, and four patients discontinued their use during the game. Seven patients were not active participants in the game. Blunt ocular trauma was the primary diagnosis in 13 patients and corneal abrasion in two. Seven patients had retinal findings. In the 5-year follow-up, eight of 15 patients had abnormal ocular findings: three had artificial intraocular lens, two iridodialysis, and one each retinal plomb, mydriasis or iris tear. None had glaucoma. Seven patients had permanent subjective impairment due to pain, lowered visual acuity, blur or difficulty in focusing. Four patients needed seven operations. The number of outpatient visits was 90. One patient required hospitalization.

Conclusion: Toy guns cause serious eye traumas. No glaucoma was found. Proper use of toy guns and protective eyewear during the whole game should be emphasized to both players and bystanders. We recommend that in Finland the selling of airsoft guns be placed under the Firearms Act to make the hazards of airsoft guns known.

Keywords: Toy gun; airsoft gun; eye injury; paintball; pea shooter; pellet gun.