Global Burden of Disease Study trends for Canada from 1990 to 2016

Abstract

Background: The Global Burden of Disease Study represents a large and systematic effort to describe the burden of diseases and injuries over the past 3 decades. We aimed to summarize the Canadian data on burden of diseases and injuries.

Methods: We summarized data from the 2016 iteration of the Global Burden of Disease Study to provide current (2016) and historical estimates for all-cause and cause-specific diseases and injuries using mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability and disability-adjusted life years in Canada. We also compared changes in life expectancy and health-adjusted life expectancy between Canada and 21 countries with a high sociodemographic index.

Results: In 2016, leading causes of all-age disability-adjusted life years were neoplasms, cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, and mental and substance use disorders, which together accounted for about 56% of disability-adjusted life years. Between 2006 and 2016, the rate of all-cause age-standardized years of life lost declined by 12%, while the rate of all-cause age-standardized years lived with disability remained relatively stable (+1%), and the rate of all-cause age-standardized disability-adjusted life year declined by 5%. In 2016, Canada aligned with countries that have a similar high sociodemographic index in terms of life expectancy (82 yr) and health-adjusted life expectancy (71 yr).

Interpretation: The patterns of mortality and morbidity in Canada reflect an aging population and improving patterns of population health. If current trends continue, Canada will continue to face challenges of increasing population morbidity and disability alongside decreasing premature mortality.

Figure 1:

Rank of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and percent change for diseases and injuries in 1990, 2006 and 2016 for both sexes combined, showing percent change of counts and age-standardized rates per 100 000. The line connecting a box for a disease or injury type in one year to the corresponding box in a later year is solid if the rank rose or did not change; the line is dashed if the rank declined. endo = endocrinologic, LRI = lower respiratory infection, NTD = neglected tropical diseases, urog = urogenital; “other group 1” includes sexually transmitted diseases excluding HIV, hepatitis and other infectious diseases.