A Recurrent BRCA2 Mutation Explains the Majority of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome Cases in Puerto Rico

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer diagnosis in women and is responsible for considerable mortality among the women of Puerto Rico. However, there are few studies in Puerto Rico on the genetic factors influencing risk. To determine the contribution of pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, we sequenced these genes in 302 cases from two separate medical centers, who were not selected for age of onset or family history. We identified nine cases that are carriers of pathogenic germline mutation. This represents 2.9% of unselected cases and 5.6% of women meeting National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) criteria for BRCA testing. All of the identified pathogenic mutations were in the BRCA2 gene and the most common mutation is the p.Glu1308Ter (E1308X) mutation in BRCA2 found in eight out of nine cases, representing 89% of the pathogenic carriers. The E1308X mutation has been identified in breast and ovarian cancer families in Spain, and analysis of flanking DNA polymorphisms shows that all E1308X carriers occur on the same haplotype. This is consistent with BRCA2 E1308X being a founder mutation for the Puerto Rican population. These results will contribute to better inform genetic screening and counseling of breast and ovarian cancer cases in Puerto Rico and Puerto Rican populations in mainland United States.

Keywords: BRCA1/BRCA2; Hispanic and Latino populations; breast cancer genetics; founder effect.

Figure 1

Shared haplotype and frequencies in a 2.24 Megabase (Mb) region around the BRCA2 gene in carriers of the E1308X pathogenic variant (n = 6) and non-BRCA carriers (n = 201). A total of 73 markers were phased in a 2.6 Mb region, but only 33 are represented. For non-BRCA carriers, only a fraction of the observed haplotypes are illustrated, representing the haplotypes that match those of the carriers within the BRCA2 gene.