Female Athlete Triad

Abstract

The female athlete triad is a condition seen in physically active female athletes, consisting of low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density. The condition should be viewed as a metabolic injury. It can have an impact on female athletes at any age or level. Activities at highest risk are those emphasizing leanness, aesthetics, and endurance. The cornerstone of treatment is improving mismatched energy balance. A multidisciplinary team, including health care providers, dieticians, and mental health professionals, is vital in caring for female athlete triad patients. Increased awareness and education are needed for medical as well as athletic communities.

Keywords: Amenorrhea; Bone health; Disordered eating; Female; Female athlete; Low energy availability; Menstrual dysfunction; Stress fractures.