Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2018 Dec;45(4):751-763.
doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2018.07.011. Epub 2018 Oct 25.

Cognitive Changes with Reproductive Aging, Perimenopause, and Menopause

Kelly N Morgan  1 , Carol A Derby  2 , Carey E Gleason  3
Affiliations
Review

Cognitive Changes with Reproductive Aging, Perimenopause, and Menopause

Kelly N Morgan et al. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2018 Dec.

Abstract

This article reviews the role of endogenous estrogen in neural and cognitive processing, followed by an examination of longitudinal cognitive data captured in various stages of the menopausal transition. The remaining text reviews the contradictory results from major hormone therapy trials to date, evidence for the "timing hypothesis," and closes with recommendations for future research and for practicing clinicians.

Keywords: Cognition; Early versus late intervention trial with estradiol; Estrogens; Hormone therapy; Kronos early estrogen prevention study; Menopause; Study of women across the nation; Women’s Health Initiative.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. World Health Organization (accessed December 15, 2017): Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs362/en/
    1. Karlamangla AS, Lachman ME, Han W, et al. Evidence for Cognitive Aging in Midlife Women: Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation. PLoS ONE 2017; 12:e0169008. [PMID: 28045986] - PMC - PubMed
    1. Brinton RD. Estrogen regulation of glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function: Therapeutic implications for prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:1504–1511. [PMID: 18647624] - PMC - PubMed
    1. McEwen BS. Invited review: estrogens effects on the brain: multiple sites and molecular mechanisms. J appl Physiol 2001; 91:2785–2801. [PMID: 11717247] - PubMed
    1. Shughrue PJ, Lane MV, Merchenthaler I. Comparative distribution of estrogen receptor-alpha and -beta mRNA in the rat central nervous system. J Comp Neurol. 1997; 388:507–525. [PMID: 9388012] - PubMed