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1 Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, P.zza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy. mariaelisabetta.baldassarre@uniba.it.
2 Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, P.zza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy. valentinapalladino@hotmail.it.
3 Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, P.zza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy. amorusoanna@hotmail.it.
4 Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, P.zza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy. stefsere@alice.it.
5 Section of Microbiology, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy. paola.mastromarino@uniroma1.it.
6 Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy. margherita.fanelli@uniba.it.
7 Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, P.zza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy. antonio.dimauro@uniba.it.
8 Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, P.zza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy. nicola.laforgia@uniba.it.
1 Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, P.zza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy. mariaelisabetta.baldassarre@uniba.it.
2 Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, P.zza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy. valentinapalladino@hotmail.it.
3 Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, P.zza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy. amorusoanna@hotmail.it.
4 Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, P.zza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy. stefsere@alice.it.
5 Section of Microbiology, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy. paola.mastromarino@uniroma1.it.
6 Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy. margherita.fanelli@uniba.it.
7 Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, P.zza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy. antonio.dimauro@uniba.it.
8 Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, P.zza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy. nicola.laforgia@uniba.it.
Probiotics are living microorganisms that confer a health benefit when administered in adequate amounts. It has been speculated that probiotics supplementation during pregnancy and in the neonatal period might reduce some maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes. In this narrative review, we describe the rationale behind probiotic supplementation and its possible role in preventing preterm delivery, perinatal infections, functional gastrointestinal diseases, and atopic disorders during early life.
Hillman E.T., Yao H.L.T., Nakatsu C.H. Microbial Ecology along the Gastrointestinal Tract. Microbes Environ. 2017;32:300–313. doi: 10.1264/jsme2.ME17017.
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O’Hara A.M., Shanahan F. The gut flora as a forgotten organ. EMBO Rep. 2006;7:688–693. doi: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400731.
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Lay C., Sutren M., Rochet V., Saunier K., Doré J., Rigottier-Gois L. Design and validation of 16S rDNA probes to enumerate members of the Clostridium leptum subgroup in human faecal microbiota. Environ. Microbiol. 2005;7:933–946. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00763.x.
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Gill S.R., Pop M., Deboy R.T., Eckburg P.B., Turnbaugh P.J., Samuel B.S., Gordon J.I., Relman D.A., Fraser-Liggett C.M., Nelson K.E. Metagenomic analysis of the human distal gut microbiome. Science. 2006;312:1355–1359. doi: 10.1126/science.1124234.
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Pickard J.M., Zeng M.Y., Caruso R., Núñez G. Gut microbiota: Role in pathogen colonization, immune responses, and inflammatory disease. Immunol. Rev. 2017;279:70–89. doi: 10.1111/imr.12567.
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