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. 2018 Oct 24;48(5):305-316.
doi: 10.5051/jpis.2018.48.5.305. eCollection 2018 Oct.

Biomimetic characteristics of mussel adhesive protein-loaded collagen membrane in guided bone regeneration of rabbit calvarial defects

Woong-Kyu Song  1 , Joo-Hyun Kang  1 , Jae-Kook Cha  1 , Jung-Seok Lee  1 , Jeong-Won Paik  1 , Ui-Won Jung  1 , Byung-Hoon Kim  2 , Seong-Ho Choi  1
Affiliations

Biomimetic characteristics of mussel adhesive protein-loaded collagen membrane in guided bone regeneration of rabbit calvarial defects

Woong-Kyu Song et al. J Periodontal Implant Sci. .

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and barrier function of mussel adhesive protein (MAP)-loaded collagen membranes in guided bone regeneration (GBR).

Methods: Eight male New Zealand white rabbits were used. Four circular defects (diameter: 8 mm) were created in the calvarium of each animal. The defects were randomly assigned to 1) a negative control group, 2) a cyanoacrylate (CA)-loaded collagen membrane group (the CA group), 3) a MAP-loaded collagen membrane group (the MAP group), and 4) a group that received a polycaprolactone block with MAP-loaded collagen membrane (the MAP-PCL group). Specimens were harvested at 2 weeks (n=4) and 8 weeks (n=4) postoperatively for observational histology and histometric analysis.

Results: In the histologic analysis, MAP was completely absorbed without any byproducts. In contrast, some of the CA adhesive remained, showing an inflammatory reaction, at 8 weeks. In the MAP-PCL group, the MAP-loaded collagen membranes served as a barrier membrane despite their fast degradation in GBR. No significant difference was found in the amount of new bone between the MAP-PCL and MAP groups (1.82±0.86 mm2 and 2.60±0.65 mm2, respectively).

Conclusions: The MAP-loaded collagen membrane functioned efficiently in this rabbit calvarial GBR model, with excellent biocompatibility. Further research is needed to assess clinical applications in defect types that are more challenging for GBR than those used in the current model.

Keywords: Bone regeneration; Mytilus edulis; Polymers; Tissue adhesives.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Four circular defects (diameter: 8 mm) were created in the calvarium of each rabbit, and were randomly assigned, moving clockwise from the top left: control group, CA group, MAP group, MAP-PCL group. Specimens were harvested at 2 and 8 weeks postoperatively.
CA: cyanoacrylate, MAP: mussel adhesive protein, MAP-PCL: mussel adhesive protein-polycaprolactone.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Histologic observations at 2 weeks postoperatively. (A) Control group: the defect had collapsed, but woven bone structures were observed growing from the peripheral area. (B, C) CA and MAP group: the defect was mainly occupied by the connective tissue, and a large space existed below or in the membrane. (D) MAP-PCL group: the defect space was well-maintained by the barrier membrane and supporting PCL block (Masson trichrome staining).
CA: cyanoacrylate, MAP: mussel adhesive protein, MAP-PCL: mussel adhesive protein-polycaprolactone, PCL: polycaprolactone.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Histologic observations at 2 weeks postoperatively. (A) Control group: a few bony islands were observed. (B, C) CA and MAP groups: the membrane remained present as a collagen network and many newly formed vessels were observed in the defect area. (D) MAP-PCL group: the membrane was closely attached to the block graft and surrounding bone (Masson trichrome staining).
CA: cyanoacrylate, MAP: mussel adhesive protein, MAP-PCL: mussel adhesive protein-polycaprolactone.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Histologic observations at 8 weeks postoperatively. (A) Control group: bone tissue was found in all zones. (B, C) CA and MAP groups: the collagen membranes were no longer observable. In the CA group, blank spaces were still present. (D) MAP-PCL group: the PCL block maintained the original morphology compared to at 2 weeks of healing (Masson trichrome staining).
CA: cyanoacrylate, MAP: mussel adhesive protein, MAP-PCL: mussel adhesive protein-polycaprolactone, PCL: polycaprolactone.
Figure 5
Figure 5. Histologic observations at 8 weeks postoperatively. (A) Control group: formation of bony islands was observed in the central part of the defect. (B) CA group: extensive inflammatory infiltrates were observed around newly formed bone. (C) MAP group: a few bony islands were observed, mainly in the lower part. (D) MAP-PCL group: new bone formation in the upper portion of the block was observed (Masson trichrome staining).
CA: cyanoacrylate, MAP: mussel adhesive protein, MAP-PCL: mussel adhesive protein-polycaprolactone.
Figure 6
Figure 6. NB in each group.
NB: new bone area, CA: cyanoacrylate, MAP: mussel adhesive protein, MAP-PCL: mussel adhesive protein-polycaprolactone. a)Statistically significant difference between groups (P<0.05).
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