[Description of Influenza B in seasonal epidemics in Spain]
- PMID: 30421881
- PMCID: PMC6254476
[Description of Influenza B in seasonal epidemics in Spain]
Abstract
Objective: Seasonal influenza epidemics are a major public health concern. They are caused by the influenza A and B viruses; although the A virus is more prominent, influenza B virus infection causes a disease with similar characteristics. There are two phylogenetically distinct influenza B lineages (B/Victoria and B/Yamagata), only one of which is present in the trivalent vaccine formulated each season.
Methods: Epidemiological data from the Spanish Influenza Surveillance System for 2007 to 2017 were reviewed to establish the relative proportion of each type of virus and the characterization of the B lineages in relation to the composition of the trivalent vaccine.
Results: The median proportion of B (2007-2017) was 27.2% (0.7%-74.8%) vs. 16.3% (0.4%-98.6%) for A-H3 and 44.2% (0.1%-98.0%) for pandemic A-H1N1 (20092017). The B lineages co-circulated in 8/10 seasons and there was mismatch with the B vaccine strain in 4/10 seasons. The B virus was dominant in 2007/08 and 2012/13 throughout Spain. There was a combination of dominance/codominance of influenza B and mismatch with the vaccine lineage in at least one third of epidemic seasons reviewed.
Conclusions: Epidemiological information on influenza B has been less compiled in comparison with data on the A virus. Influenza virus type B is responsible for a significant number of cases in almost all seasons. The predominant B lineage in each season is unpredictable, affecting the protection conferred by the seasonal vaccine. Spanish epidemiological data support the rationale for a quadrivalent vaccine with both B virus lineages similarly to data from other settings.
Introducción: Las epidemias estacionales de gripe son una importante preocupación de salud pública. Los virus responsables son el A y el B. El A tiene mayor protagonismo, pero el B causa enfermedad de características similares. Presenta dos linajes, B/Victoria y B/Yamagata, filogenéticamente distintos, y solo uno está presente en la vacuna trivalente de cada temporada.
Métodos: Se revisaron los datos epidemiológicos del Sistema de Vigilancia de Gripe en España desde 2007 a 2017 para establecer la proporción relativa de cada tipo de virus y la caracterización de linajes de B en relación a la composición de la vacuna trivalente.
Resultados: La mediana de la proporción de B (2007-2017) fue 27,2% (0,7%-74,8%), la de A subtipo H3, 16,3% (0,4%-98,6%) y la de A-H1N1 pandémico (20092017) 44,2% (0,1%-98,0%). Los linajes B cocircularon en 8/10 temporadas; hubo discordancia con la cepa B vacunal en 4/10. En España, el virus B fue dominante en 2007/08 y 2012/13. En al menos un tercio de las 10 epidemias revisadas se combinó dominancia/codominancia de gripe B y discordancia con el linaje vacunal.
Conclusiones: La información epidemiológica disponible sobre gripe B esta menos recopilada en comparación con la que se dispone sobre virus A. El virus de la gripe B es responsable de un importante número de casos en casi todas las temporadas. El linaje B predominante en cada temporada es impredecible, pudiendo afectar a la protección de la vacuna estacional. Los datos epidemiológicos españoles justifican los beneficios de una vacuna tetravalente con ambos linajes de virus B.
©The Author 2018. Published by Sociedad Española de Quimioterapia. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
Conflict of interest statement
ROL ha percibido honorarios por ponencias y consultoría científica de Sanofi Pasteur, GlaxoSmithKline, y Seqirus. JDD ha percibido honorarios por ponencias y consultoría científica de Sanofi Pasteur y Seqirus. AGM ha percibido honorarios por ponencias y consultoría científica de Sanofi Pasteur, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck Sharp and Dohme y Pfizer. FMT y o su institución han recibido honorarios por proyectos de investigación, consultoría y/o ponencias de Sanofi Pasteur, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Pfizer, Astra, Janssen, Seqirus y Ablynx. CGQ y JMG son empleados de Sanofi Pasteur. BP no tiene conflictos de intereses que declarar. ERM ha percibido honorarios por ponencias y consultoría científica, así como becas de asistencia a congresos de Sanofi Pasteur, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck Sharp and Dohme y Pfizer.
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