[Pneumonia of the elderly and its link to oral health]

Abstract

Pneumonia is a frequent and serious disease among the elderly, often associated with functional and cognitive impairments, dysphagia, malnutrition and immunosenescence. Although the link between the oral hygiene and the risk of pneumonia has been established, the oral status and swallowing function are not routinely screened in the context of a geriatric assessment. Bacteria from oral plaque are regularly aspirated into the lungs and periodontitis induces a chronic inflammation favoring the oral and respiratory epithelial colonization with respiratory pathogens, hence facilitating infections. The poor oral health status and related masticatory impairment are often associated with malnutrition and dehydration. Patients are stranded in a vicious circle of respiratory infections and relapses. Prevention in form of oral health care and daily oral hygiene has proven to be effective.