Thiazide Diuretics

Excerpt

Thiazide diuretics are an FDA-approved class of medications used primarily to manage hypertension and edema by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron. Inhibiting sodium reabsorption by 3% to 5% promotes natriuresis and diuresis, effectively reducing intravascular volume. The most commonly utilized agents include hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), chlorthalidone, and indapamide. This educational activity reviews the clinical indications, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, dosing strategies, relevant drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, and contraindications associated with thiazide diuretics. Enhanced understanding of these aspects enables healthcare providers to optimize treatment regimens, individualize patient care, and effectively manage potential side effects. Awareness of contraindications and adverse effects, such as electrolyte disturbances, hyperuricemia, and glucose intolerance, facilitates appropriate patient selection and monitoring. Emphasis on the critical role of interprofessional collaboration highlights how coordinated care among healthcare professionals improves clinical outcomes in patients receiving diuretic therapy.