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Review
. 2019 Feb;15(6):591-599.
doi: 10.2217/fon-2018-0546. Epub 2018 Nov 14.

Apalutamide and its use in the treatment of prostate cancer

Hala T Borno  1   2 , Eric J Small  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Apalutamide and its use in the treatment of prostate cancer

Hala T Borno et al. Future Oncol. 2019 Feb.

Abstract

High-risk nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is a lethal disease that previously lacked clear treatment options. Progression to bone metastases is associated with significant morbidity and high cost. Apalutamide, an androgen receptor inhibitor, has substantial clinical response in nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Apalutamide + androgen deprivation therapy is well tolerated and improves metastasis-free survival, progression-free survival and time to symptomatic progression, and is associated with a favorable trend of improved overall survival. Future research is needed to elucidate mechanisms of resistance to treatment with androgen signaling inhibitors.

Keywords: androgen signaling inhibitor; apalutamide; castration-resistant prostate cancer; nonmetastatic; prostate cancer.

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Conflict of interest statement

Financial & competing interests disclosure

EJ Small has received honoraria from Janssen. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Figures

<b>Figure 1.</b>
Figure 1.. Prostate-specific antigen doubling time and risk for metastatic disease.
Men with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with a prostate-specific antigen doubling time of <8–10 months are at a significant risk for metastatic disease and prostate cancer specific death. PSADT: Prostate-specific antigen doubling time. Reproduced with permission from [15] © American Society of Clinical Oncology. All rights reserved.
<b>Figure 2.</b>
Figure 2..  Median metastasis-free survival in SPARTAN study.
The median metastasis-free survival of 40.5 months in the Apalutamide group, compared with 16.2 months in the placebo group represents a 72% risk reduction of distant progression or death, with a p-value of <0.0001. APA: Apalutamide; mo: Months; PBO: Placebo. Reproduced with permission from [31] © Massachusetts Medical Society (2018).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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