Identification of Parkinson's Disease Utilizing a Single Self-recorded 20-step Walking Test Acquired by Smartphone's Inertial Measurement Unit

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative and long-term disorder of the central nervous system, which often causes motor symptoms, e.g., tremor, rigidity, and slowness. Currently, the diagnosis of PD is based on patient history and clinical examination. Technology-derived decision support systems utilizing, for example, sensor-rich smartphones can facilitate more accurate PD diagnosis. These technologies could provide less obtrusive and more comfortable remote symptom monitoring. The recent studies showed that motor symptoms of PD can reliably be detected from data gathered via smartphones. The current study utilized an open-access dataset named "mPower" to assess the feasibility of discriminating PD from non-PD by analyzing a single self-administered 20-step walking test. From this dataset, 1237 subjects (616 had PD) who were age and gender matched were selected and classified into PD and non-PD categories. Linear acceleration (ACC) and gyroscope (GYRO) were recorded by built-in sensors of smartphones. Walking bouts were extracted by thresholding signal magnitude area of the ACC signals. Features were computed from both ACC and GYRO signals and fed into a random forest classifier of size 128 trees. The classifier was evaluated deploying 100-fold cross-validation and provided an accumulated accuracy rate of 0.7 after 10k validations. The results show that PD and non-PD patients can be separated based on a single short-lasting self-administered walking test gathered by smartphones' built-in inertial measurement units.