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. 2018 Nov 1:9:2108.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02108. eCollection 2018.

Brain State-Dependent Brain Stimulation

Til O Bergmann  1   2   3
Affiliations

Brain State-Dependent Brain Stimulation

Til O Bergmann. Front Psychol. .
No abstract available

Keywords: EEG; real-time; transcrancial magnetic stimulation (TMS); transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS); transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Principal scenarios of brain stimulation with respect to the current brain state. (A) Standard NIBS approaches treat the brain as a static “black box” (left), disregarding its variable internal state and may hence result in highly variable stimulation effects. In contrast, treating the brain as the dynamic system it actually is (right) may reveal very different (state-dependent) effects, but each of them being more homogenous. (B) Open-loop brain state-independent brain stimulation neglects the current brain state; no neuroimaging method and no real-time system is necessary to control the stimulation. Open-loop brain state-dependent brain stimulation (BSDBS) uses concurrent neuroimaging (e.g., EEG) and real-time signal analysis to monitor the current brain state and to adjust and trigger brain stimulation accordingly, however, without systematically changing the monitored target brain state (e.g., TMS triggered by the amplitude or phase of a certain EEG oscillation to assess state-specific corticospinal excitability but without considerable effect on the monitored oscillation). Closed-loop BSDBS additionally requires that the monitored brain state is actually changed by the stimulation, allowing to control the expression of a certain brain state.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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    1. Bergmann T. O., Mölle M., Schmidt M. A., Lindner C., Marshall L., Born J., et al. (2012b). EEG-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals rapid shifts in motor cortical excitability during the human sleep slow oscillation. J. Neurosci. 32, 243–253. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4792-11.2012 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
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