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Review
. 2018 Dec;11(4):775-795.
doi: 10.1016/j.path.2018.07.006.

Contemporary Grading and Staging of Urothelial Neoplasms of the Urinary Bladder: New Concepts and Approaches to Challenging Scenarios

Alexander J Gallan  1 , Bonnie Choy  1 , Gladell P Paner  2
Affiliations
Review

Contemporary Grading and Staging of Urothelial Neoplasms of the Urinary Bladder: New Concepts and Approaches to Challenging Scenarios

Alexander J Gallan et al. Surg Pathol Clin. 2018 Dec.

Abstract

Grading and staging of urothelial neoplasm are the most crucial factors in risk stratification and management; both necessitate optimal accuracy and consistency. Several updates and recommendations have been provided though recent publications of the 4th edition of the World Health Organization classification, the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system, and the International Consultation on Urological Diseases-European Association of Urology updates on bladder cancer. Updates and recent studies have provided better insights into and approaches to the challenging scenarios in grading and staging of urothelial neoplasm; however, there remain aspects that need further investigation and refinement.

Keywords: Bladder; Grade; Stage; TNM; Transurethral; Urinary; Urothelial; WHO.

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