The Prevalence of Mitral Valve Prolapse in Panic Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background: Although most studies have suggested that mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is more prevalent in patients with panic disorder (PD) than in healthy controls, there is a substantial uncertainty in the rates of MVP across studies.

Objective: To investigate, through systematic review and meta-analysis, the relative risk of MVP in patients with PD compared to controls.

Methods: Embase, Proquest, Pubmed, and Google Scholar electronic databases were searched up to September 2018. All studies published in peer-reviewed journals, which included both PD and controls groups, were selected. Events (presence of MVP) and nonevents (absence of MVP) in PD and control groups were recorded. The main outcome was the measure of relative risk (RR) pooled with 95% confidence intervals, using fixed-effects model. Heterogeneity, small publication effect, and publication bias were evaluated.

Results: Fourteen studies, including 1146 participants, met eligibility criteria. There was no significant heterogeneity or publication bias. The prevalence of MVP in PD and healthy controls was 27.20% and 9.21%, respectively. Patients with PD had a significantly increased relative risk of MVP compared to controls in the pooled sample (RR = 2.469, 95% confidence interval = 1.848-3.300). Age did not significantly modify the RR.

Conclusions: MVP is significantly more prevalent in patients with PD than in controls. This meta-analysis of published studies is sufficient to establish an association between PD and MVP; nevertheless, it is not clear that the association is specific to PD. Patients with PD should be evaluated for MVP to decrease possible negative adverse consequences of MVP.

Keywords: agoraphobia; cardiovascular disease; meta-analysis; mitral valve prolapse; panic disorder; relative risk.