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. 2018 Oct 16:7:1645.
doi: 10.12688/f1000research.16275.2. eCollection 2018.

Relationship between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans in early childhood caries, evaluated by quantitative PCR

Endang W Bachtiar  1 , Boy M Bachtiar  1
Affiliations

Relationship between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans in early childhood caries, evaluated by quantitative PCR

Endang W Bachtiar et al. F1000Res. .

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the synergistic relationship between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans in children with early childhood caries (ECC) experience. Methods: Dental plaque and unstimulated saliva samples were taken from 30 subjects aged 3-5 years old, half with (n=15, dmft > 4) and half without (n=15) ECC. The abundance of C. albicans and S. mutans and relative to total bacteria load were quantify by real-time PCR (qPCR). This method was also employed to investigate the mRNA expression of glycosyltransferase ( gtfB) gene in dental plaque. Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation were used to perform statistical analysis. Results: Within the ECC group, the quantity of both microorganisms were higher in the saliva than in dental plaque. The ratio of C. albicans to total bacteria was higher in saliva than in plaque samples (p < 0.05). We observed the opposite for S. mutans (p < 0.05). The different value of C. albicans and S. mutans in saliva was positively correlated, and negatively correlated in dental plaque. Transcription level of S. mutans gtfB showed a positive correlation with C. albicans concentration in dental plaque. Conclusion:C. albicans has a positive correlation with cariogenic traits of S. mutans in ECC-related biofilm of young children.

Keywords: C.albicans/ S. mutans; Dental plaque; Early childhood caries; Indonesian; Saliva; qPCR.

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Conflict of interest statement

No competing interests were disclosed.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Standard curve construction and melting temperature of qPCR.
Standard curves of total bacteria ( A), C. albicans ( B) and S. mutans ( C). Also shown are melt curve profiles and melting temperatures for total bacteria ( D), C. albicans ( E), and S. mutans ( F).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Mean and standard error of absolute numbers ( A) and ratios ( B) of C. albicans and S. mutans detected within the same saliva (Sa) and dental plaque (Dp) samples. CF, caries-free; ECC, early childhood caries. *p < 0.05.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Correlation between C. albican and S. mutans loads in saliva ( A) and in dental plaque ( B), in the same subjects. Each circle depicts the value of C. albicans (Y-axis) and S. mutans (X-axis) in log CFU/ml for each subject.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.. S. mutans gtfB gene expression.
( A) The fold regulation of gtfB cDNA that was normalized to the amount of cDNA of 16S rRNA. ( B, C) the correlation between gtfB transcription rate and the amount of C. albicans and S. mutans, respectively.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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