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Review
. 2018 Nov 16;18(11):3995.
doi: 10.3390/s18113995.

A Survey of LoRaWAN for IoT: From Technology to Application

Jetmir Haxhibeqiri  1 , Eli De Poorter  2 , Ingrid Moerman  3 , Jeroen Hoebeke  4
Affiliations
Review

A Survey of LoRaWAN for IoT: From Technology to Application

Jetmir Haxhibeqiri et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

LoRaWAN is one of the low power wide area network (LPWAN) technologies that have received significant attention by the research community in the recent years. It offers low-power, low-data rate communication over a wide range of covered area. In the past years, the number of publications regarding LoRa and LoRaWAN has grown tremendously. This paper provides an overview of research work that has been published from 2015 to September 2018 and that is accessible via Google Scholar and IEEE Explore databases. First, a detailed description of the technology is given, including existing security and reliability mechanisms. This literature overview is structured by categorizing papers according to the following topics: (i) physical layer aspects; (ii) network layer aspects; (iii) possible improvements; and (iv) extensions to the standard. Finally, a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis is presented along with the challenges that LoRa and LoRaWAN still face.

Keywords: IoT; IoT applications; LPWANs; LoRa; LoRaWAN.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
LoRa preamble.
Figure 2
Figure 2
LoRa frame structure.
Figure 3
Figure 3
LoRaWAN network topology.
Figure 4
Figure 4
ADR mechanism algorithm implemented in the end node.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Over the air activation procedure according to lor [11].
Figure 6
Figure 6
Packet loss ratio for different coverage test using SF12. Distanc from gateway was ~2 km for outdoor measurements and ~60 m for indoor measurements.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Interference scenarios that are taken into account in LoRaWAN models.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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    1. SX1272/73—860 MHz to 1020 MHz Low Power Long Range Transceiver. [(accessed on 15 November 2018)]; Available online: https://www.semtech.com/uploads/documents/sx1272.pdf.
    1. Vangelista L. Frequency Shift Chirp Modulation: The LoRa Modulation. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 2017;24:1818–1821. doi: 10.1109/LSP.2017.2762960. - DOI
    1. LoRaWAN What Is It? A Technical Overview of LoRA and LoRaWAN. [(accessed on 15 November 2018)]; Available online: https://www.lora-alliance.org/

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