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Review
. 2019 Feb;66(1):247-267.
doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2018.09.007.

Chronic Kidney Disease and Dietary Measures to Improve Outcomes

Oleh M Akchurin  1
Affiliations
Review

Chronic Kidney Disease and Dietary Measures to Improve Outcomes

Oleh M Akchurin. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2019 Feb.

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease is an ongoing deterioration of renal function that often progresses to end-stage renal disease. Management goals in children include slowing disease progression, prevention and treatment of complications, and optimizing growth, development, and quality of life. Nutritional management is critically important to achieve these goals. Control of blood pressure, proteinuria, and metabolic acidosis with dietary and pharmacologic measures may slow progression of chronic kidney disease. Although significant progress in management has been made, further research is required to resolve many outstanding controversies. We review recent developments in pediatric chronic kidney disease, focusing on dietary measures to improve outcomes.

Keywords: Children; Chronic kidney disease; Development; Growth; Nutrition; Pediatrics; Renal diet; Stature.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Life cycle of children with CKD
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Distribution of reported incident pediatric end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients by primary cause of ESRD, 2011-2015 (From the United States Renal Data System, USRDS 2017 Annual Data Report. Available at: https://www.usrds.org/2017/view/Default.aspx). CAKUT, congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract; C/H/C, cystic/hereditary/congenital diseases; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; GN, glomerulonephritis.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Impairment of different kidney functions in chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to distinct manifestations and complications of CKD.
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