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. 2018 Nov 8:18:31.
doi: 10.1186/s12878-018-0124-1. eCollection 2018.

Prevalence, types and determinants of anemia among pregnant women in Sudan: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ishag Adam  1 , Yassin Ibrahim  2 , Osama Elhardello  3
Affiliations

Prevalence, types and determinants of anemia among pregnant women in Sudan: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ishag Adam et al. BMC Hematol. .

Abstract

Background: Anemia during pregnancy is a public health problem especially in developing countries and it is associated with maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes. There is no meta-analysis on anemia during pregnancy in Sudan. The current systemic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the prevalence, types and determinant of anemia during pregnancy in Sudan.

Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed. The databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and African Journals Online) were searched using; anemia, pregnancy related anemia and Sudan. Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) and Modified Newcastle - Ottawa quality assessment scale were used for critical appraisal of studies. The pooled Meta logistic regression was computed using OpenMeta Analyst software.

Results: Sixteen cross-sectional studies included a total of 15, 688 pregnant women were analyzed. The pooled prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in Sudan was 53.0% (95%, CI = 45.9-60.1). The meta-analysis showed no statistical significant between the age (mean difference = 0.143, 95 CI = - 0.033 - 0.319, P = 0.112), parity (mean difference = 0.021, 95% CI = - 0.035 - 0.077, P = 0.465) between the anemic and no anemic women. Malaria was investigated in six studies. Pregnant women who had malaria infection during pregnancy were 1.94 times more likely to develop anemia than women who had no malaria infection (OR = 1.94, 95% CI =1.33-2.82). Six (37.5%) studies investigated type of anemia. The pooled prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) among pregnant women in Sudan was 13.6% (95% CI = 8.9-18.2).

Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of anemia among pregnant in the different region of Sudan. While age and parity have no association with anemia, malaria infection was associated with anemia. Interventions to promote the strengthening of antenatal care, and access and adherence to nutrition, and malaria preventive measures are needed to reduce the high level of anemia among pregnant women in Sudan.

Keywords: Age; Anemia during pregnancy; Malaria during pregnancy; Meta-analysis, systematic review; Parity; Prevalence of anemia; Sudan.

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Conflict of interest statement

Not applicable.Not applicable.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow diagram showing the number of articles identified in the systematic review and meta-analysis on anemia during pregnancy in Sudan
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Forest Plot of the overall prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in Sudan
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Forest Plot of the age difference in anemia and non-anemic pregnant women in Sudan
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Forest Plot of the parity difference in anemia and non-anemic pregnant women in Sudan
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Forest Plot of the association between malaria and anemia in pregnant women in Sudan
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Forest Plot of the overall prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women in Sudan
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