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. 2018 Oct;99(5):226-235.
doi: 10.1111/iep.12290. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Systemic alterations induced by phospholipase A2 , BmooTX-I, isolated from Bothrops moojeni snake venom

Kellen Cristina Torres Costa  1   2 , Bruna Barbosa de Sousa  2   3 , Edigar Henrique Vaz Dias  2 , Déborah Fernanda da Cunha Pereira  2 , Mariana Santos Matias  2 , Wilson Júnior Oliveira  4 , Antônio Vicente Mundim  4 , Carla Cristine Neves Mamede  3   5 , Luíz Fernando Moreira Izidoro  6 , Júnia de Oliveira Costa  7 , Fábio de Oliveira  1   3
Affiliations

Systemic alterations induced by phospholipase A2 , BmooTX-I, isolated from Bothrops moojeni snake venom

Kellen Cristina Torres Costa et al. Int J Exp Pathol. 2018 Oct.

Abstract

Ophidic accidents are among the problems of public health in Brazil. The components from bothropic venom are responsible for many systemic clinical complications resulting from envenomation. The present work aimed to analyse the systemic changes induced in mice after intraperitoneal administration of BmooTX-I, a myotoxic acidic phospholipase A2 isolated from Bothrops moojeni venom. Urinalysis was performed and the following plasma biochemical markers were documented: urea, creatinine and uric acid (renal function); glucose and amylase (pancreatic function); alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-GT (intra- and extrahepatic function); creatine kinase and enzymatic lactate (muscle function). Our results showed that after the intraperitoneal injection of BmooTX-I the urine of these animals showed glycosuria, proteinuria, haematuria, bacteriuria, bilirubinuria, polyuria and nitrite. The plasma biochemical analysis showed alterations in levels of urea, creatinine and uric acid. Amylase concentration was not altered significantly, but the plasma glucose increased significantly compared to controls. The plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase decreased and increased, respectively, in these same animals. On the other hand, the plasma γGT concentration did not undergo significant modification compared to the control group. The plasma concentration of CK increased, while the enzymatic lactate concentration decreased after the injection of the BmooTX-I. Therefore, in mice BmooTX-I is capable of causing systemic alterations which manifest as renal, muscular, hepatic and pancreatic impairment.

Keywords: Bothrops moojeni; biochemical parameters; phospholipase A2; snake venom; systemic alterations; urinalysis.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A, Snake venom proteins. B, Catalytic activity of BmooTX‐I PLA 2. SVMPs, Snake venom metalloproteinases; SVSPs, snake venom serino proteinases; SVPLA 2s, snake venom phospholipases A2; C‐2 ester bond, carbon‐2 ester bond; X, polar head groups. *Snake image retrieved from: http://museudaamazonia.org.br/pt/2015/12/11/denticao-das-serpentes/ [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]
Figure 2
Figure 2
Biochemical parameters related to renal function. Variation of plasma (A) urea and (B) creatinine and (C) uric acid concentrations expressed in mg/dL. Significant difference from respective controls is indicated with *P < 0.05, by ANOVA
Figure 3
Figure 3
Biochemical parameters related to pancreatic function. Variation of plasma (A) amylase and (B) glucose concentrations expressed in U/L and mg/dL, respectively. Bars represent the means SD (n = 3). Significant difference from respective control is indicated with *P < 0.05, by ANOVA
Figure 4
Figure 4
Biochemical parameters related to liver function. Variation of (A) ALT, (B) ALP and (C) γGT concentrations expressed in U/L. Bars represent the means SD (n = 3). Significant difference from respective control is indicated with *P < 0.05, by ANOVA
Figure 5
Figure 5
Biochemical parameters related to muscular damage. Variation of plasma (A) CK and (B) enzymatic lactate concentrations expressed in U/L. Bars represent the means SD (n = 3). Significant difference from respective control is indicated with *P < 0.05, by ANOVA
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