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Review
. 2019 Aug 20;19(3):213-220.
doi: 10.17305/bjbms.2018.3785.

Review of the therapeutic neurofeedback method using electroencephalography: EEG Neurofeedback

Nina Omejc  1 , Bojan Rojc, Piero Paolo Battaglini, Uros Marusic
Affiliations
Review

Review of the therapeutic neurofeedback method using electroencephalography: EEG Neurofeedback

Nina Omejc et al. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. .

Abstract

Electroencephalographic neurofeedback (EEG-NFB) represents a broadly used method that involves a real-time EEG signal measurement, immediate data processing with the extraction of the parameter(s) of interest, and feedback to the individual in a real-time. Using such a feedback loop, the individual may gain better control over the neurophysiological parameters, by inducing changes in brain functioning and, consequently, behavior. It is used as a complementary treatment for a variety of neuropsychological disorders and improvement of cognitive capabilities, creativity or relaxation in healthy subjects. In this review, various types of EEG-NFB training are described, including training of slow cortical potentials (SCPs) and frequency and coherence training, with their main results and potential limitations. Furthermore, some general concerns about EEG-NFB methodology are presented, which still need to be addressed by the NFB community. Due to the heterogeneity of research designs in EEG-NFB protocols, clear conclusions on the effectiveness of this method are difficult to draw. Despite that, there seems to be a well-defined path for the EEG-NFB research in the future, opening up possibilities for improvement.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A diagram presenting the neurofeedback training loop.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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