Magnolol ameliorates pneumonectomy and monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats through inhibition of angiotensin II and endothelin-1 expression

Abstract

Background: Magnolol, a major bioactive component extracted from Magnolia officinalis, exerts several beneficial effects, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertensive activities.

Purpose: In this study, we investigated whether magnolol has a protective effect on pneumonectomy and monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in rats.

Design/methods: The alterations of right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy, pulmonary vascular remodeling, histopathological parameters, and related gene expression and signaling pathways in lungs by magnolol treatment were studied in the PAH rats.

Results: Administration of magnolol greatly ameliorated the characteristic features of PAH, including increased pulmonary arterial pressure, RV hypertrophy, and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Moreover, magnolol inhibited angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)/angiotensin II (Ang II)/Ang II type 1 receptor (AT-1R) cascade, whereas upregulates ACE2 in the lungs of PAH rats. The overexpression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and ET_A receptor occurred in the PAH rats was significantly attenuated by magnolol through inhibition of Akt/ERK1/2/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway. Compared with that of untreated PAH rats, higher expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and lower expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and O₂^- production in lungs were observed in magnolol-treated PAH rats.

Conclusion: We demonstrated that treatment with magnolol reduces the development of PAH induced by pneumonectomy and monocrotaline in rats, and suppressing Ang II and ET-1-mediated processes may contribute to its protective effects. These findings suggest that magnolol may be a potential agent for PAH therapy.

Keywords: Angiotensin II; Endothelin-1; Magnolol; Pulmonary arterial hypertension; Vascular remodeling.