Advances in Inflammatory Granulomatous Skin Diseases

Abstract

Inflammatory granulomatous dermatitides include cutaneous sarcoidosis, necrobiosis lipoidica, granuloma annulare, and reactive granulomatous dermatitis. The etiopathogenesis of these disorders is not well understood; but the T helper 1 response mediated by interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin (IL) 1, 2, and 6 and the T helper 17 response mediated by IL-17 play a role. These inflammatory granulomatous disorders often have cutaneous manifestations in addition to extracutaneous manifestations or associations with systemic diseases. The authors review these disorders, propose diagnostic and evaluative approaches to these diseases, and explore recent literature with regard to the etiopathogenesis and treatment of these entities.

Keywords: Biologics; Checkpoint inhibitors; Granuloma annulare; Immunotherapy; Necrobiosis lipoidica; Reactive granulomatous dermatitis; Sarcoidosis.