Association between medication adherence and quality of life of patients with diabetes and hypertension attending primary care clinics: a cross-sectional survey

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the association between medication adherence and quality of life (QoL) of patients with diabetes and/or hypertension attending primary care clinics.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, patients with at least one long-term condition (hypertension or diabetes mellitus) meeting the eligibility criteria were recruited from five primary care clinics in Saudi Arabia. Arabic version of Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) tool were used to assess medication adherence and QoL, respectively. Patients' sociodemographic, medical and medication data were collected using a structured, pilot-tested data collection form.

Results: Three hundred patients with a mean (± SD) age of 56.79 (12.8) years participated in the study. Fifty-eight had hypertension only, 96 had diabetes (Type 1 or 2), and 146 had both hypertension and diabetes. After adjusting for socioeconomic characteristics, multiple linear regression analysis found that adherent patients had significantly higher mean overall perception of QoL and health scores by 14.6 (P = 0.001) and 17.2 (P = 0.001) points, respectively, compared to non-adherent patients. In addition, irrespective of the type of long-term condition, adherence status was found to be an independent predictor of all QoL domains.

Conclusion: There is an association between medication adherence and QoL among patients with diabetes and/or hypertension attending primary care clinics. Medication adherence should be assessed and emphasised during routine clinical consultations in primary care in order to achieve the desired clinical outcomes and overall well-being of patients.

Keywords: Compliance; Diabetes mellitus; Hypertension; Medication adherence; Primary care; Quality of life.