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. 2018 Nov 19:7:138.
doi: 10.1186/s13756-018-0431-0. eCollection 2018.

Emergence of high drug resistant bacterial isolates from patients with health care associated infections at Jimma University medical center: a cross sectional study

Mulatu Gashaw  1   2 , Melkamu Berhane  3 , Sisay Bekele  4 , Gebre Kibru  1 , Lule Teshager  1 , Yonas Yilma  5 , Yesuf Ahmed  6 , Netsanet Fentahun  7 , Henok Assefa  8 , Andreas Wieser  9 , Esayas Kebede Gudina  10 , Solomon Ali  1   11
Affiliations

Emergence of high drug resistant bacterial isolates from patients with health care associated infections at Jimma University medical center: a cross sectional study

Mulatu Gashaw et al. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. .

Abstract

Background: The rates of resistant microorganisms which complicate the management of healthcare associated infections (HAIs) are increasing worldwide and getting more serious in developing countries. The objective of this study was to describe microbiological features and resistance profiles of bacterial pathogens of HAIs in Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC) in Ethiopia.

Methods: Institution based cross sectional study was carried out on hospitalized patients from May to September, 2016 in JUMC. Different clinical specimens were collected from patients who were suspected to hospital acquired infections. The specimens were processed to identify bacterial etiologies following standard microbiological methods. Antibacterial susceptibility was determined in vitro by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.

Results: Overall, 126 bacterial etiologies were isolated from 118 patients who had HAIs. Of these, 100 (79.4%) were gram negative and the remaining were gram positive. The most common isolates were Escherichia coli 31(24.6%), Klebsiella species 30(23.8%) and Staphylococcus aureus 26 (20.6%). Of 126 bacterial isolates, 38 (30.2%), 52 (41.3%), and 24 (19%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR, resistant to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories), extensively drug resistant (XDR, resistant to at least one agent in all but two or fewer antimicrobial categories (i.e. bacterial isolates remain susceptible to only one or two categories), pan-drug resistant (PDR, resistant to all antibiotic classes) respectively. More than half of isolated gram-negative rods (51%) were positive for extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and/or AmpC; and 25% of gram negative isolates were also resistant to carbapenem antibiotics.

Conclusions: The pattern of drug resistant bacteria in patients with healthcare associated infection at JUMC is alarming. This calls for coordinated efforts from all stakeholders to prevent HAIs and drug resistance in the study setting.

Keywords: Antimicrobial agents; Carbapenem resistance; Drug resistant isolates; Extended spectrum beta-lactamase; Extensively resistance; Multidrug resistance; Pandrug resistance.

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Conflict of interest statement

The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Institute of Health, Jimma University with the committee’s reference number RPGe/355/2016.Not applicable – This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Proportions of isolated bacterial pathogens
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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