Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2018:159:157-171.
doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63916-5.00010-0.

Aging

Affiliations
Review

Aging

Stephen R Lord et al. Handb Clin Neurol. 2018.

Abstract

This chapter reviews studies that have examined age-related anatomic and functional changes in sensory, neuromuscular, and cognitive systems that impair the control of balance and gait. Specifically, we examine age-related changes in peripheral systems: lower-limb sensation, visual functions such as contrast sensitivity and depth perception, vestibular sense, strength, and power in the lower-limb muscle groups, as well as central factors including processing speed and executive functioning. Significant impairments in any one of the above systems can predispose older people to falls, with the risk of falling increasing substantially with the number of impairments present. There is increasing evidence that interventions aimed at addressing specific sensory and neuromuscular impairments can improve balance control and reduce fall risk. In particular, task-specific exercise can improve muscle strength, balance, gait and mobility and prevent falls in older people.

Keywords: aging; balance; executive functioning; gait; muscle strength; reaction time; sensation; vision.

PubMed Disclaimer

LinkOut - more resources