Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Meta-Analysis
. 2018 Nov 28;11(11):CD001546.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001546.pub4.

Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis

Thomas Jaschinski  1 , Christoph G Mosch, Michaela Eikermann, Edmund Am Neugebauer, Stefan Sauerland
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis

Thomas Jaschinski et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: The removal of the acute appendix is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures. Open surgery associated with therapeutic efficacy has been the treatment of choice for acute appendicitis. However, in consequence of the evolution of endoscopic surgery, the operation can also be performed with minimally invasive surgery. Due to smaller incisions, the laparoscopic approach may be associated with reduced postoperative pain, reduced wound infection rate, and shorter time until return to normal activity.This is an update of the review published in 2010.

Objectives: To compare the effects of laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) and open appendectomy (OA) with regard to benefits and harms.

Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Ovid MEDLINE and Embase (9 February 2018). We identified proposed and ongoing studies from World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), ClinicalTrials.gov and EU Clinical Trials Register (9 February 2018). We handsearched reference lists of identified studies and the congress proceedings of endoscopic surgical societies.

Selection criteria: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing LA versus OA in adults or children.

Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently selected studies, assessed the risk of bias, and extracted data. We performed the meta-analyses using Review Manager 5. We calculated the Peto odds ratio (OR) for very rare outcomes, and the mean difference (MD) for continuous outcomes (or standardised mean differences (SMD) if researchers used different scales such as quality of life) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We used GRADE to rate the quality of the evidence.

Main results: We identified 85 studies involving 9765 participants. Seventy-five trials included 8520 adults and 10 trials included 1245 children. Most studies had risk of bias issues, with attrition bias being the largest source across studies due to incomplete outcome data.In adults, pain intensity on day one was reduced by 0.75 cm on a 10 cm VAS after LA (MD -0.75, 95% CI -1.04 to -0.45; 20 RCTs; 2421 participants; low-quality evidence). Wound infections were less likely after LA (Peto OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.51; 63 RCTs; 7612 participants; moderate-quality evidence), but the incidence of intra-abdominal abscesses was increased following LA (Peto OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.43; 53 RCTs; 6677 participants; moderate-quality evidence).The length of hospital stay was shortened by one day after LA (MD -0.96, 95% CI -1.23 to -0.70; 46 RCTs; 5127 participant; low-quality evidence). The time until return to normal activity occurred five days earlier after LA than after OA (MD -4.97, 95% CI -6.77 to -3.16; 17 RCTs; 1653 participants; low-quality evidence). Two studies showed better quality of life scores following LA, but used different scales, and therefore no pooled estimates were presented. One used the SF-36 questionnaire two weeks after surgery and the other used the Gastro-intestinal Quality of Life Index six weeks and six months after surgery (both low-quality evidence).In children, we found no differences in pain intensity on day one (MD -0.80, 95% CI -1.65 to 0.05; 1 RCT; 61 participants; low-quality evidence), intra-abdominal abscesses after LA (Peto OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.24 to 1.22; 9 RCTs; 1185 participants; low-quality evidence) or time until return to normal activity (MD -0.50, 95% CI -1.30 to 0.30; 1 RCT; 383 participants; moderate-quality evidence). However, wound infections were less likely after LA (Peto OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.42; 10 RCTs; 1245 participants; moderate-quality evidence) and the length of hospital stay was shortened by 0.8 days after LA (MD -0.81, 95% CI -1.01 to -0.62; 6 RCTs; 316 participants; low-quality evidence). Quality of life was not reported in any of the included studies.

Authors' conclusions: Except for a higher rate of intra-abdominal abscesses after LA in adults, LA showed advantages over OA in pain intensity on day one, wound infections, length of hospital stay and time until return to normal activity in adults. In contrast, LA showed advantages over OA in wound infections and length of hospital stay in children. Two studies reported better quality of life scores in adults. No study reported this outcome in children. However, the quality of evidence ranged from very low to moderate and some of the clinical effects of LA were small and of limited clinical relevance. Future studies with low risk of bias should investigate, in particular, the quality of life in children.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

None.

Figures

1
1
Study flow diagram.
2
2
Methodological quality summary: review authors' judgements about each methodological quality item for each included study.
3
3
Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Update of

Comment in

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

References to studies included in this review

Aktimur 2016 {published data only}
    1. Aktimur R, Gokakin AK, Deveci K, Atabey M, Topcu O. Oxidative stress markers in laparoscopic vs. open appendectomy for acute appendicitis: a double‐blind randomized study. Journal of Minimal Access Surgery 2016;12(2):143‐7. [PUBMED: 27073307] - PMC - PubMed
Al‐Mulhim 2002 {published data only}
    1. Al‐Mulhim AS, Al‐Mulhim FM, Al‐Suwaiygh AA, Al‐Masaud NA. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in females with a clinical diagnosis of appendicitis. Saudi Medical Journal 2002;23(11):1339‐42. [PUBMED: 12506292] - PubMed
Attwood 1992 {published data only}
    1. Attwood SE, Hill AD, Murphy PG, Thornton J, Stephens RB. A prospective randomized trial of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy. Surgery 1992;112(3):497‐501. [PUBMED: 1387739] - PubMed
Barth 1999 {published data only}
    1. Meynaud‐Kraemer L, Colin C, Vergnon P, Barth X. Wound infection in open versus laparoscopic appendectomy. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 1999;15(2):380‐91. [PUBMED: 10507196] - PubMed
Bartin 2016 {published data only}
    1. Bartin MK, Kemik O, Caparlar MA, Bostanci MT, Oner MO. Evaluation of the open and laparoscopic appendectomy operations with respect to their effect on serum il‐6 levels. Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi 2016;22(5):466‐70. [EMBASE: 612110477] - PubMed
Bauwens 1999 {published data only}
    1. Bauwens K, Schwenk W, Böhm B, Hasart O, Neudecker J, Müller JM. Convalescence and time to return to work after laparoscopic and open appendectomy; a prospective randomized study [Rekonvaleszenz und Arbeitsunfähigkeitsdauer nach laparoskopischer und konventioneller Appendekotmie. Eine prospektiv‐randomisierte Studie]. Chirurg 1998;69:541‐5. [PUBMED: 9653559] - PubMed
    1. Hasart O. Rekonvaleszenz und Arbeitsunfähigkeitsdauer nach laparoskopischer undkonventioneller Appendektomie: eine prospektiv‐randomisierte Studie [Masters thesis]. Berlin (Germany): Humboldt University of Berlin, 2000.
    1. Schwenk W, Bauwens K, Neudecker J, Böhm B. Duration of reconvalecense and inability to work after laparoscopic and conventional appendectomy ‐ a prospective randomised study [Rekonvaleszenz und Arbeitsunfähigkeitsdauer nach laparoskopischer und konventioneller Appendektomie ‐ eine prospektiv‐randomisierte Studie]. Zentralblatt für Chirurgie 1998;123:424‐5. - PubMed
Bliss 2014 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Bliss D, Mckee J, Cho D, Krishnaswami S, Zallen G, Harrison M, et al. Discordance of the pediatric surgeon's intraoperative assessment of pediatric appendicitis with the pathologists report. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2010;45(7):1398‐403. [PUBMED: 20638515] - PubMed
    1. Bliss D, Mckee J, Cho D, Krishnaswami S, Zallen G, Silen M, et. al. Results of a prospective, randomized, controlled, single‐blinded trial of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in children. Journal of the American College of Surgeons (in press).
Bolla 2008 {published data only}
    1. Bolla G, Tuzzato G. Post‐appendectomy immunologic competence in pediatric age. The results do not always match expectations. Laparoscopy versus laparotomy. Pediatria Medica e Chirurgica 2008;30(2):89‐93. [PUBMED: 18581961] - PubMed
Bruwer 2000 {published data only}
    1. Bruwer F, Coetzer M, Warren BL. Early results of a randomized controled study of laparoscopic vs open surgical exploration in pre‐menopausal women with suspected acute appendicitis. Surgical Endoscopy. 2000; Vol. 14, issue Suppl:S110.
    1. Bruwer F, Coetzer M, Warren BL. Laparoscopic versus open surgical exploration in premenopausal women with suspected acute appendicitis. South African Journal of Surgery 2003;41(4):82‐5. [PUBMED: 14768141] - PubMed
Cipe 2014 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Cipe G, Hasbahceci M, Bozkurt S, Kadioglu H, Coskun H, Karatepe O, et. al. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: where are we now?. Chirurgia (Bucur) 2014;109(4):518‐22. [PUBMED: 25149616] - PubMed
Cox 1996 {published data only}
    1. Cox MR, McCall JL, Toouli J, Padbury RT Wilson TG, Wattchow DA, et. al. Prospective randomized comparison of open versus laparoscopic appendectomy in men. World Journal of Surgery 1996;20(3):263‐6. [PUBMED: 8661828] - PubMed
DeWilde 1991 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
    1. Wilde RL. Goodbye to late bowel obstruction after appendicectomy. Lancet 1991;338(8773):1012. [PUBMED: 1681313] - PubMed
Eichen 1994 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Eichen R, Heuser H, Nitschke B. Laparoscopic or conventional appendectomy:a prospective study [Prospektive Studie: laparoskopische Appendektomie vs. konventionelle Appendektomie]. Langenbecks Archiv fur Chirurgie 1994;111:223‐5. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-79242-7_54] - DOI
Frazee 1994 {published data only}
    1. Frazee RC, Roberts JW, Symmonds RE, Snyder SK, Hendricks JC, Smith RW, et. al. A prospective randomized trial comparing open versus laparoscopic appendectomy. Annals of Surgery 1994;219(6):725‐31. [PUBMED: 8203983] - PMC - PubMed
Goudar 2011 {published data only}
    1. Goudar BV, Telkar S, Lamani YP, Shirbur SN, Shailesh ME. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: a comparison of primary outcome studies from Southern India. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 2011;5(8):1606‐9. [EMBASE: 2012053242]
Gundavda 2012 {published data only}
    1. Gundavda MK, Bhandarwar AH. Comparative study of laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences 2012;66(5‐6):99‐115. [PUBMED: 23806983] - PubMed
Hansen 1996 {published data only}
    1. Hansen JB, Smithers BM, Schache D, Wall DR, Miller BJ, Menzies BL. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: prospective randomized trial. World Journal of Surgery 1996;20(1):17‐20. [PUBMED: 8588406] - PubMed
    1. Smithers BM, Hansen J, Schache D, Wall D. Prospective randomized trial of laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy for acute appendicitis. Surgical Endoscopy. 1994; Vol. 8:565.
Hart 1996 {published data only}
    1. Hart R, Rajgopal C, Plewes A, Sweeney J, Davies W, Gray D, et al. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: a prospective randomized trial of 81 patients. Canadian Journal of Surgery 1996;39(6):457‐62. [PUBMED: 8956810] - PMC - PubMed
Hebebrand 1994 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Eypasch E, Menningen R, Paul A, Troidl H. Diagnostic and therapeutic laparoscopy for acute abdominal disorders [Die Bedeutung der Laparoskopie bei der Diagnostik und Therapie des akuten Abdomens]. Zentralblatt für Chirurgie 1993;118(12):726‐32. [PUBMED: 8147145] - PubMed
    1. Hebebrand D, Troidl H, Spangenberger W, Neugebauer E, Schwalm T, Günther MW. Laparoscopic or classical appendectomy? A prospective randomized study [Laparoskopische oder klassische Appendektomie? Eine prospektiv randomisierte Studie]. Der Chirurg 1994;65(2):112‐20. [PUBMED: 8162812] - PubMed
    1. Neugebauer E, Eypasch E, Hebebrand D, Spangenberger W, Troidl H. [Laparoscopic versus conventional appendectomy ‐ a prospective randomized study]. Proceedings of the 1st European Congress of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery. 1993:371.
    1. Schwalm T. Laparoskopische oder konventionelle Appendektomie ‐ eine prospektive, randomisierte Therapiestudie unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der relevanten Zielkriterien Sicherheit und Patientenkomfort [Masters thesis]. Cologne (Germany): University of Cologne, 1995.
Heikkinen 1998 {published data only}
    1. Heikkinen TJ, Haukipuro K, Hulkko A. Cost‐effective appendectomy. Open or laparoscopic? A prospective randomized study. Surgical Endoscopy 1998;12(10):1204‐8. [PUBMED: 9745057] - PubMed
Hellberg 1999 {published data only}
    1. Enochsson L, Hellberg A, Rudberg C, Fenyö G, Gudbjartson T, Kullman E, et al. Laparoscopic vs. open appendectomy in overweight patients. Surgical Endoscopy 2001;15(4):387‐92. [PUBMED: 11395821] - PubMed
    1. Hellberg A, Rudberg C, Enochsson L, Gudbjartson T, Wenner J, Kullman E, et al. Conversion from laparoscopic to open appendicectomy: a possible drawback of the laparoscopic technique?. European Journal of Surgery 2001;167(3):209‐13. [PUBMED: 11316407] - PubMed
    1. Hellberg A, Rudberg C, Kullman E, Enochsson L, Fenyö G, Graffner H, et al. Prospective randomized multicentre study of laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy. British Journal of Surgery 1999;86(1):48‐53. [PUBMED: 10027359] - PubMed
Helmy 2001 {published data only}
    1. Helmy MA. A comparative study between laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy in men. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology 2001;31(2):555‐62.. [PUBMED: 11478454] - PubMed
Henle 1996 {published data only}
    1. Henle KP, Beller S, Rechner J, Zerz A, Klingler A. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: a prospecitve randomized trial [Laparoskopische versus konventionelle Appendektomie: eine prospektive, randomisierte Studie]. Der Chirurg 1996;67(5):526‐30. [PUBMED: 8777883] - PubMed
    1. Klingler A, Henle KP, Beller S, Rechner J, Zerz A, Wetscher GJ, et. al. Laparoscopic appendectomy does not change the incidence of postoperative infectious complications. American Journal of Surgery 1998;175(3):232‐35. [PUBMED: 9560127] - PubMed
    1. Szinicz G, Henle KP, Beller S, Rechner J, Zerz A, Klingler A. Laparoscopic appendectomy: Pro [Laparoskopische Appendektomie: Pro]. In: Boeckl O, Waclawiczek HW editor(s). Standards in der Chirurgie. Munich (Germany): Zuckschwerdt, 1995:312‐9.
Huang 2001 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Huang MT, Wei PL, Wu CC, Lai IR, Chen RJ, Lee WJ. Needlescopic, laparoscopic, and open appendectomy: a comparative study. Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques 2001;11(5):306‐12. [PUBMED: 11668227] - PubMed
Ignacio 2003 {published data only}
    1. Ignacio RC, Burke R, Spencer D, Bissell C, Dorsainvil C, Lucha PA. Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy. What is the real difference? Results of a prospective randomized double‐blinded trial. Surgical Endoscopy 2004;18(2):334‐7. [PUBMED: 14691696] - PubMed
    1. Ignacio RC, Lucha PA Jr, Burke R, Newman J, Shepps C, Spencer D, et al. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy ‐ What is the real difference? Results of a prospective randomized double‐blinded trial. Surgical Endoscopy 2003;17:S239. - PubMed
Jadallah 1994 {published data only}
    1. Jadallah FA, Abdul‐Ghani AA, Tibblin S. Diagnostic laparoscopy reduces unneccessary appendicectomy in fertile women. European Journal of Surgery 1994;160(1):41‐5. [PUBMED: 8186313] - PubMed
Kaiser 2006 {published data only}
    1. Kaiser M. Laparoskopische und konventionelle Appendektomie im Vergleich unter besonderer Berücksichtigung immunologischer Parameter ‐ eine prospektive Studie [Master thesis]. Magdeburg (Germany): University of Magdeburg, 1996.
Kald 1999 {published data only}
    1. Kald A, Kullman E, Anderberg B, Wirén M, Carlsson P, Ringqvist I, et al. Cost‐minimisation analysis of laparoscopic and open appendicectomy. European Journal of Surgery 1999;165(6):579‐82. [PUBMED: 10433143] - PubMed
Kaplan 2009 {published data only}
    1. Kaplan M, Salman B, Yilmaz TU, Oguz M. A quality of life comparison of laparoscopic and open approaches in acute appendicitis: a randomised prospective study. Acta Chirurgica Belgica 2009;109(3):356‐63. [PUBMED: 19943593] - PubMed
Karadayi 2003 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Karadayi K, Turan M, Canbay E, Topcu O, Sen M. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: analysis of systemic acute‐phase responses in a prospective randomized study. Chirurgia Gastroenterologica 2003;19(4):396‐400.
Kargar 2011 {published data only}
    1. Kargar S, Mirshamsi MH, Zare M, Arefanian S, Yazdi ES, Aref A. Laparoscopic versus open appendectopmy; which method to choose? A prospective randomized comparison. Acta Medica Iranica 2011;49(6):352‐6. [PUBMED: 21874637] - PubMed
Katkhouda 2005 {published data only}
    1. Clarke T, Katkhouda N, Mason RJ, Cheng BC, Olasky J, Sohn HJ, et al. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for the obese patient: a subset analysis from a prospective, randomized, double‐blind study. Surgical Endoscopy 2011;25(4):1276‐80. [PUBMED: 21046164] - PubMed
    1. Katkhouda N, Mason RJ, Towfigh S, Gevorgyan A, Essani R. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: a prospective randomized double‐blind study. Annals of Surgery 2005;242(3):439–50. [PUBMED: 16135930] - PMC - PubMed
Kazemier 1997 {published data only}
    1. Kazemier G, Zeeuw GR, Bonjer HJ, Lange JF. Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy. A randomized clinical trial. Surgical Endoscopy. 1996; Vol. 10:550. - PubMed
    1. Kazemier G, Zeeuw GR, Bonjer HJ, Lange JF. Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy. A randomized clinical trial. Surgical Endoscopy. 1995; Vol. 9:213. - PubMed
    1. Kazemier G, Zeeuw GR, Bonjer HJ, Lange JF. Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy. A randomized clinical trial. Surgical Endoscopy. 1995; Vol. 9:606. - PubMed
    1. Kazemier G, Zeeuw GR, Lange JF, Hop WCJ, Bonjer HJ. Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy. A randomized clinical trial. Surgical Endoscopy 1997;11(4):336‐40. [PUBMED: 9094272] - PubMed
    1. Zeeuw GR, Kazemier G, Hop WCJ, Lange JF, Bonjer HJ. Laparoscopic treatment of acute appendicitis: less pain and wound infection but longer operating time; a randomized trial [Laparoscopische behandling van appendicitis acuta: minder pijn en wondinfecties, maar langere operatietijd; een gerandomiseerd onderzoek]. Nederlands Tijdschrift Geneeskunde 1998;142(4):459‐63. [EMBASE: 1998081176]
Kehagias 2009 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Kehagias I, Karamanakos S, Panagiotopoulos S, Vagenas K, Kalfarentzos F. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for complicated disease ‐ a prospective randomized trial. Surgical Endoscopy. 2009; Vol. 23, issue Suppl:13.
Khalil 2011 {published data only}
    1. Khalil J, Muqim R, Rafique M, Khan M. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: a comparison of primary outcome measures. Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology: Official Journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association 2011;17(4):236‐40. [PUBMED: 21727728] - PMC - PubMed
Kocatas 2013 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Kocatas A, Gönenc M, Bozkurt MA, Karabulut M, Gemici E, Alis H. Comparison of open and laparoscopic appendectomy in uncomplicated appendicitis: a prospective randomized clinical trial. Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi 2013;19(3):200‐4. [PUBMED: 23720105] - PubMed
Kouhia 2010 {published data only}
    1. Kouhia ST, Heiskanen JT, Huttunen R, Ahtola HI, Kiviniemi VV, Hakala T. Long‐term follow‐up of a randomized clinical trial of open versus laparoscopic appendicectomy. British Journal of Surgery 2010;97(9):1395‐400. [PUBMED: 20632312] - PubMed
Kum 1993a {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
    1. Kum CK, Ngoi SS, Goh PM, Tekant Y, Isaac JR. Randomized controlled trial comparing laparoscopic and open appendicectomy. British Journal of Surgery 1993;80(12):1599‐600. [PUBMED: 8298936] - PubMed
Laine 1997 {published data only}
    1. Laine S, Rantala A, Gullichsen R, Ovaska J. Laparoscopic appendectomy‐is it worthwhile? A prospective, randomized study in young women. Surgical Endoscopy 1997;11(2):95‐7. [PUBMED: 9069134] - PubMed
    1. Laine S, Rantala A, Gullichsen R, Ovaska J. Laparoscopic versus conventional appendectomy: a prospective, randomized study in young women. Surgical Endoscopy. 1996; Vol. 10:243. - PubMed
Larsson 2001 {published data only}
    1. Larsson PG, Henriksson G, Olsson M, Boris J, Ströberg P, Tronstad SE, et al. Laparoscopy reduces unnecessary appendicectomies and improves diagnosis in fertile women. A randomized study. Surgical Endoscopy 2001;15(2):200‐2. [MEDLINE: ] - PubMed
Lavonius 2001 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Lavonius MI, Liesjärvi S, Ovaska J, Pajulo O, Ristkari S, Alanen M. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in children: a prospective randomised study. European Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2001;11(4):235‐38. [PUBMED: 11558012] - PubMed
Lejus 1996 {published data only}
    1. Delile L. Etude comparative de l'analgesie post‐operatoire apres appendectomie par incision de MacBurney ou par voie coelioscopique chez l'enfant [Masters thesis]. Nantes (France): University of Nantes, 1994.
    1. Heloury Y, Lejus C, Delile L, Plattner V, Baron M, Souron R. Post‐operative pain after appendicectomy: Laparoscopic versus MacBurney. Surgical Endoscopy. 1994; Vol. 8:958.
    1. Lejus C, Delile L, Plattner V, Baron M, Guillou S, Heloury Y, et al. Randomized, single‐blinded trial of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in children: effects on postoperative analgesia. Anesthesiology 1996;84(4):801‐6. [PUBMED: 8638833] - PubMed
Lintula 2004 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Lintula H, Kokki H, Vanamo K. Single‐blind randomized clinical trial of laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy in children. British Journal of Surgery 2001;88(4):510‐4. [PUBMED: 11298617] - PubMed
    1. Lintula H, Kokki H, Vanamo K, Antila P, Eskelinen M. Laparoscopy in children with complicated appendicitis. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2002;37(9):1317‐20. - PubMed
    1. Lintula H, Kokki H, Vanamo K, Valtonen H, Mattila M, Eskelinen M. The costs and effects of laparoscopic appendectomy in children. JAMA Pediatrics 2004;158(1):34‐7. [PUBMED: 14706955] - PubMed
Little 2002 {published data only}
    1. Little DC, Custer MD, May BH, Blalock SE, Cooney DR. Laparoscopic appendectomy: an unnecessary and expensive procedure in children?. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2002;37(3):310‐17. [PUBMED: 11877640] - PubMed
Long 2000 {unpublished data only}
    1. Bannon MP, Zietlow SP, Harmsen WS, Sarr MG, Smith CD, Ilstrup DM, et. al. Prospective randomized comparison of laparoscopic and open appendectomy. Gastroenterology. 1997; Vol. 112. - PubMed
    1. Long KH, Bannon MP, Zietlow SP, Helgeson ER, Harmsen WS, Smith CD, et. al. A prospective randomized comparison of laparoscopic appendectomy with open appendectomy: clinical and economic analysis. Surgery 2001;129(4):390‐400. [PUBMED: 11283528] - PubMed
Macarulla 1995 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
    1. Macarulla E, Hassan H, Abad JM, Vallet J, Claveria R, Besora P, et al. Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy for suspected appendicitis. British Journal of Surgery. 1995; Vol. 82, issue Suppl:6‐7.
    1. Macarulla E, Vallet J, Abad JM, Hussein H, Fernandez E, Nieto B. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: a prospective randomized trial. Surgical Laparoscopy & Endoscopy 1997;7(4):335‐9. [PUBMED: 9282768] - PubMed
Mahmood 2016 {published data only}
    1. Mahmood MM, Shahab A, Razzaq MA. Surgical site infection in open versus laparoscopic appendectomy. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 2016;10(3):1076‐8. [EMBASE: 614365275]
Martin 1995 {published data only}
    1. Martin LC, Puente I, Sosa JL, Bassin A, Breslaw R, McKenney MG, et al. Open versus laparoscopic appendectomy. A prospective randomized comparison. Annals of Surgery 1995;222(3):256‐62. [PUBMED: 7677456] - PMC - PubMed
Minné 1997 {published data only}
    1. Jones B, Ratzer E, Clark J, Zeren F, Haun W. Does peer‐reviewed publication change the habits of surgeons?. American Journal of Surgery 2000;180(6):566‐9. [PUBMED: 11182419] - PubMed
    1. Minné L, Varner D, Burnell A, Ratzer E, Clark J, Haun W. Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy. Prospective randomized study of outcomes. Archives of Surgery 1997;132(7):708‐12. [PUBMED: 9230853] - PubMed
Moberg 2005 {published data only}
    1. Moberg AC, Berndsen F, Palmquist I, Petersson U, Resch T, Montgomery A. Randomized clinical trial of laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy for confirmed appendicitis. British Journal of Surgery 2005;92(3):298‐304. [PUBMED: 15609378] - PubMed
Moirangthem 2008 {published data only}
    1. Moirangthem GS, Arunkumar CH, Marak AB, Lokendra K, Singh LD. A comparative study between laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy. Journal of Management and Science 2008;22(2):58‐62. [EMBASE: 2008368558]
Mutter 1996 {published data only}
    1. Mutter D, Vix M, Bui A, Evrard S, Tassetti V, Breton JF, et al. Laparoscopy not recommended for routine appendectomy in men: results of a prospective randomized study. Surgery 1996;120(1):71‐4. [PUBMED: 8693426] - PubMed
Navarra 2000 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Navarra G, Ascanelli S, Turini A, Carcoforo P, Tonini G, Pozza E. Laparoscopic appendectomy versus open appendectomy in suspected acute appendicitis in female patients [Appendicectomia laparoscopica versus appendicectomia aperta nel sospetto di appendicite acuta in pazienti di sesso femminile]. Annali Italiani di Chirurgia 2002;73(1):59‐63. [PUBMED: 12148423] - PubMed
    1. Navarra G, Ascanelli S, Turini A, Tonini G, Pozza E. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in females with pain in right iliac fossa. Surgical Endoscopy. 2000; Vol. 14, issue Suppl:S128.
Nordentoft 2000 {published data only}
    1. Nordentoft T, Bringstrup FA, Bremmelgaard A, Stage JG. Effect of laparoscopy on bacteremia in acute appendicitis: a randomized controlled study. Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques 2000;10(5):302‐4. [PUBMED: 11083213] - PubMed
Olsen 1993 {published data only}
    1. Olsen JB, Myren CJ, Haahr PE. Randomized trial on the value of diagnostic laparoscopy before appendectomy. Ugeskrift for Laeger 1995;157(5):584‐85. [PUBMED: 7638913] - PubMed
    1. Olsen JB, Myrén CJ, Haahr PE. Randomized study of the value of laparoscopy before appendicectomy. British Journal of Surgery 1993;80(7):922‐3. [PUBMED: 8369940] - PubMed
Ortega 1996 {published data only}
    1. Ortega AE, Hunter JG, Peters JH, Swanstrom LL, Schirmer B. A prospective, randomized comparison of laparoscopic appendectomy with open appendectomy. American Journal of Surgery 1995;169(2):208‐13. [PUBMED: 7840381] - PubMed
Özmen 1999 {published data only}
    1. Özmen MM, Zülfikaroglu B, Tanik A, Kale IT. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: prospective randomized trial. Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques 1999;9(3):187‐9. [PUBMED: 10803997] - PubMed
Pedersen 2001 {published data only}
    1. Pedersen AG, Petersen OB, Wara P, Rønning H, Qvist N, Laurberg S. Randomised controlled trial of laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy. British Journal of Surgery 2001;88(2):200‐5. [PUBMED: 11167866] - PubMed
Perner 1999 {published data only}
    1. Perner A, Bugge K, Lyng KM, Schulze S, Kristensen PA, Bendtsen A. Changes in plasma potassium concentration during carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum. British Journal of Anaesthesia 1999;82(1):137‐9. [PUBMED: 10325852] - PubMed
Pozo 1996 {published data only}
    1. Pozo JC, Martinez S, Negri C, Rachadell JJ, Belloso R. Comparative controlled study: laparoscopic vs. conventional appendectomies in a teaching program general surgery [Estudio prospectivo y controlado: comparando la apendicectomía laparoscópica y la apendicectomía convencional en un programa de entrenamiento de postgrado en cirugía general]. Revista de la Sociedad Venezolana de Gastroenterologia 1996;50(4):225‐30. [LILACS: 261607]
Reiertsen 1997 {published data only}
    1. Reiertsen O, Larsen S, Trondsen E, Edwin B, Færden AE, Rosseland AR. Randomized controlled trial with sequential design of laparoscopic versus conventional appendicectomy. British Journal of Surgery 1997;84(6):842‐7. [PUBMED: 9189105] - PubMed
Ricca 2007 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Ricca R, Schneider JJ, Brar H, Lucha PA. Laparoscopic appendectomy in patients with a body mass index of 25 or greater: results of a double blind, prospective, randomized trial. Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons 2007;11(1):54‐8. [PUBMED: 17663093] - PMC - PubMed
Saha 2010 {published data only}
    1. Saha N, Saha DK, Rahman MA, Islam MK, Aziz MA. Comparison of post operative morbidity between laparoscopic and open appendectomy in children. Mymensingh Medical Journal 2010;19(3):348‐52. [PUBMED: 20639825] - PubMed
Schietroma 2012 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Schietroma M, Piccione F, Carlei F, Clementi M, Bianchi Z, Vita F, et al. Peritonitis from perforated appendicitis: stress response after laparoscopic or open treatment. The American Surgeon 2012;78(5):582‐90. [PUBMED: 22546132] - PubMed
Schippers 1997 {published data only}
    1. Schippers E. Appendicectomy ‐ laparoscopic vs open [Appendektomie ‐ laparoskopisch vs konventionell]. Langenbecks Archiv fur Chirurgie 1993;110:142‐5.
    1. Schippers E, Pier A, May P, Schumpelick V. Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy ‐ a comparison of postoperative pain and respiratory function. Surgical Endoscopy. 1994; Vol. 8:561.
Settmacher 1995 {published data only}
    1. Settmacher U, Manger T, Liebenthal C, Neuhaus K, Volk HD. Immunological modifications after open and laparoscopic surgery. Minimal Invasive Chirurgie 1995;4(2):95‐102. [CENTRAL: CN‐00384222]
Sezeur 1997 {published data only}
    1. Sezeur A, Bure‐Rossier AM, Rio D, Savigny B, Tricot C, Martel P, et. al. Does laparoscopy increase the bacteriological risk of appendectomy? Results of a randomized prospective study [La cœlioscopie augmente‐t‐elle le risque bactériologique de l'appendicectomie? Résultats d'une étude prospective randomisée]. Annales de Chirurgie 1997;51(3):243‐7. [PUBMED: 9297886] - PubMed
Simon 2009 {published data only}
    1. Simon P, Burkhardt U, Sack U, Kaisers UX, Muensterer OJ. Inflammatory response is no different in children randomized to laparoscopic or open appendectomy. Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques. Part A. 2009; Vol. 19, issue Suppl:S71‐6. - PubMed
Singh 2017 {published data only}
    1. Singh VK, Nishant K, Kharga B, Kalita AK, Bhutia P, Jain J. Randomized controlled trial comparing open, conventional, and single port laparoscopic appendectomy. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 2017;11(10):5‐10. [EMBASE: 618835726]
Sozutek 2013 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Sozutek A, Colak T, Dirlik M, Ocal K, Turkmenoglu O, Dag A. A prospective randomized comparison of single‐port laparoscopic procedure with open and standard 3‐port laparoscopic procedures in the treatment of acute appendicitis. Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques 2013;23(1):74‐8. [PUBMED: 23386157] - PubMed
Stare 1998 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
    1. Stare R, Kocman I, Povšic Cevra Z. Results of a prospective randomised study of laparoscopic appendectomy in community hospital. Surgical Endoscopy. 1998; Vol. 12:573.
    1. Stare R, Kocman I, Povšic Cevra Z, Zgrebec Z, Kovacic D. Results of a prospective randomised study of laparoscopic appendectomy in community hospital. In: Montori A, Lirici MM, Montori J editor(s). 6th World Congress of Endoscopic Surgery. Rome (Italy): Monduzzi, 1998:441‐5. [CENTRAL: CN‐00776112]
Sun 1998 {published data only}
    1. Sun XL, Xu HB. Comparative study among open laparoscopic and video‐assisted appendectomies. World Chinese Journal of Digestion 1998;6:710‐1. [CENTRAL: CN‐00284898]
Taguchi 2015 {published data only}
    1. Taguchi Y, Komatsu S, Sakamoto E, Norimizu S, Shingu Y, Hasegawa H. Laparoscopic versus open surgery for complicated appendicitis in adults: a randomized controlled trial. Surgical Endoscopy 2015;30(5):1705‐12. [PUBMED: 26275544] - PubMed
Tate 1993a {published data only}
    1. Tate JJT, Dawson JW, Chung SCS, Lau WY, Li AKC. Laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy: prospective randomised trial. Lancet 1993;342:633‐7. [PUBMED: 8103144] - PubMed
Thomson 2015 {published data only}
    1. Thomson JE, Kruger D, Jann‐Kruger C, Kiss A, Omoshoro‐Jones JA, Luvhengo T, et al. Laparoscopic versus open surgery for complicated appendicitis: a randomized controlled trial to prove safety. Surgical Endoscopy 2014;29(7):2027‐32. [PUBMED: 25318368] - PubMed
Tzovaras 2010 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Tzovaras G, Baloyiannis I, Kouritas V, Symeonidis D, Spyridakis M, Poultsidi A, et al. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in men: a prospective randomized trial. Surgical Endoscopy 2010;24(12):2987‐92. [PUBMED: 20552369] - PubMed
    1. Tzovaras G, Liakou P, Baloyiannis I, Spyridakis M, Mantzos F, Tepetes K, et al. Laparoscopic appendectomy: differences between male and female patients with suspected acute appendicitis. World Journal of Surgery 2007;31(2):409‐13. [PUBMED: 17219281] - PubMed
Vallribera 2003 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Vallribera F, Sala J, Aguilar F, Espin E. Influence of laparoscopic surgery on perception of quality of life after appendectomy [Influencia de la cirugía laparoscópica en la percepción de la claidad de vida tras apendicectomia]. Cirugía Española 2003;73(2):88‐94.
Van Dalen 2003 {published data only}
    1. Dalen R, Bagshaw PF, Dobbs BR, Robertson GM, Lynch AC, Frizelle FA. The utility of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in women of reproductive age: a prospective randomized controlled trial with long‐term follow‐up. Surgical Endoscopy 2003;17(8):1311‐3. [PUBMED: 12739123] - PubMed
Wei 2010 {published data only}
    1. Wei HB, Huang JL, Zheng ZH, Wei B, Zheng F, Qiu WS, et. al. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: a prospective randomized comparison. Surgical Endoscopy 2010;24(2):266‐9. [PUBMED: 19517167] - PubMed
Williams 1996 {published data only}
    1. Williams MD, Collins JN, Wright TF, Fenoglio ME. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy. Southern Medical Journal 1996;89(7):668‐74. [PUBMED: 8685751] - PubMed
Witten 1998 {published data only}
    1. Birth M, Witten I, Gadzepko E, Weiser HF. Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy for acute appendicitis: a prospective randomized trial. British Journal of Surgery. 1998; Vol. 85, issue Suppl:39. [CENTRAL: CN‐00594479]
    1. Witten KI. Die chirurgische Behandlung der akuten Appendizitis: ein Methodenvergleich zwischen laparoskopischer und konventioneller Appendektomie im Rahmen einer prospektiv randomisierten Studie an zweihundert Patienten [Masters thesis]. Göttingen (Germany): University of Göttingen, 2001.
Yeung 1997 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
    1. Yeung CK, Yip KF, Lee KH, Lau WY. The role of minimally invasive surgery in the management of acute appendicitis in children: a prospective randomized trial of laparoscopic vs conventional appendectomy. Asian Journal of Surgery. 1997; Vol. 20:S55.
Yin 1996 {published data only}
    1. Yin WY, Lee MC, Cheng TJ, Chen HT, Huang SM. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: prospective randomized trial. Tzu Chi Medical Journal 1996;8(3):213‐21. [Chinese Electronic Periodical Sevices: 25831]
Yu 2016 {published data only}
    1. Yu G, Han A, Wang W. Comparison of laparoscopic appendectomy with open appendectomy in treating children with appendicitis. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 2016;32(2):299‐304. [PUBMED: 27182227] - PMC - PubMed
Zhang 1998 {published data only}
    1. Zhang WF, Xu CX, Liu YH, Huang GJ. A randomized control study on the appendectomy of 103 cases with laparoscope or mini‐inicision. Modern Journal of Physicians 1998;3(6):8‐9.

References to studies excluded from this review

Ablassmaier 1996 {published data only}
    1. Ablassmaier B, Kiessling S, Pier A. "Open" versus laparoscopic appendicectomy ["Offene" versus laparoskopische Appendektomie]. Der Chirurg 1996;67(6):522‐5. - PubMed
Ali 2017 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Ali R, Anwar M, Akhtar J. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in children: a randomized controlled trial from a developing country. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2017;53(2):247‐9. [PUBMED: 29223666] - PubMed
Almond 2004 {published data only}
    1. Almond SL, Smith J, Ledwidge N, Khalil BA, Lloyd DA, Baillie C, et al. Prospective comparison of laparoscopic vs. open appendicectomy in the management of childhood appendicitis. British Journal of Surgery. 2004; Vol. 91, issue Suppl:142.
Alvarado‐Aparicio 2003 {published data only}
    1. Alvarado‐Aparicio A, Moreno‐Portillo M, Periea‐Graterol F, Rojano‐Rodriguez M, Gonazalez‐Monroy L, Palacios, Ruiz A. Laparoscopic appendectomy. Surgical technique description and literature review. Cirugía y Cirujanos 2003;71(6):442‐8. - PubMed
Askarpour 2012 {published data only}
    1. Askarpour S, Asgari M, Hashemi S, Javaherizadeh H. Changes in levels of c‐reactive protein in open appendectomy compared to laparoscopic appendectomy. Przegla̜d Gastroenterologiczny 2012;7(3):156‐60.
Azaro 1999 {published data only}
    1. Azaro EM, Amaral PC, Ettinger JE, Souza EL, Fortes MF, Alcantara RS, et al. Laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy: a comparative study. Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons 1999;3:279‐83. - PMC - PubMed
Barrat 1998 {published data only}
    1. Barrat C, Catheline JM, Rizk N, Champault GG. Does laparoscopy reduce the incidence of unnecessary appendicectomies?. Surgical Laparoscopy & Endoscopy 1999;9(1):27‐31. - PubMed
    1. Barrat C, Champault G, Catheline JM, Rizk N, Ziol M, Guettier C. Does laparoscopy reduce the incidence of useless appendectomies?. Annales de Chirurgie 1998;52(10):965‐9. - PubMed
Borgstein 1997 {published data only}
    1. Borgstein PJ, Gordijn RV, Eijsbouts QAJ Cuesta MA. Acute appendicitis‐‐a clear‐cut case in men, a guessing game in young women. A prospective study on the role of laparoscopy. Surgical Endoscopy 1997;11(9):923‐7. - PubMed
Buanes 1993 {published data only}
    1. Buanes T, Høgevold HE, Ræder MG. Quality assurance in laparoscopic surgery. New methods should be evaluated in prospective comparative studies. [Prospektive sammenliknende studier som kvalitetssikringsredskap: Viktig ved innføring av laparoskopiske teknikker]. Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening 1993;113(16):1978‐81. - PubMed
    1. Buanes T, Raeder MG. Introduction of laparoscopic technique in gastrointestinal surgery: Experience at a Norwegian university hospital as revealed by prospective comparative studies. Surgical Laparoscopy & Endoscopy 1993;3(1):21‐8. - PubMed
Busch 2011 {published data only}
    1. Busch M, Gutzwiller FS, Aellig S, Kuettel R, Metzger U, Zingg U. In‐hospital delay increases the risk of perforation in adults with appendicitis. World Journal of Surgery 2011;35(7):1626‐33. [PUBMED: 21562871] - PubMed
Champault 1993 {published data only}
    1. Champault G, Belhassen A, Rizk N, Lauroy J, Vazzana G, Boutelier P. Appendicectomies: MacBurney or laparoscopic? (100 cases) [Appendicectomies MacBurney ou laparoscopie? (100 cas)]. Journal de Chirurgie 1993;130(1):5‐8. - PubMed
Chen 2007 {published data only}
    1. Chen JA, Zhang YD, Thang ZP, Zhang JC, Ding JW, Liang ZH. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy of acute appendicitis: a random comparison. Journal of Foshan University 2007;25(6):58‐61.
Chiarugi 1996 {published data only}
    1. Chiarugi M, Buccianti P, Celona G, Decanini L, Martino MC, Goletti O, et al. Laparoscopic compared with open appendicectomy for acute appendicitis: a prospective study. European Journal of Surgery 1996;162(5):385‐90. - PubMed
    1. Chiarugi M, Buccianti P, Decanini L, Pucciarelli M, Goletti O, Bertolucci A, et al. Emergency appendicectomy. Comparison of results for laparoscopic versus standard open procedure [Appendicectomia d'urgenza. Confronto tra metodica a cielo aperto e laparoscopica]. Chirurgia 1993;6(9):519‐23.
Darzi 1994 {published data only}
    1. Darzi A, Hunt N, Super P, Carey D, Guillou PJ, Monson JR. Laparoscopic appendicectomy. Minimally Invasive Therapy 1994;3(3):163‐7.
Decadt 1999 {published data only}
    1. Decadt B, Sussman L, Lewis MP, Secker A, Cohen L, Rogers C, et al. Randomized clinical trial of early laparoscopy in the management of acute non‐specific abdominal pain. British Journal of Surgery 1999;86(11):1383‐6. - PubMed
Deutsch 1982 {published data only}
    1. Deutsch AA, Zelikovsky A, Reiss R. Laparoscopy in the prevention of unnecessary appendicectomies: a prospective study. British Journal of Surgery 1982;69(6):336‐7. - PubMed
Fang 2006 {published data only}
    1. Fang S, Yu X, Dong Y, Luo H. Contrastive analysis between open appendectomy and laparoscopic appendectomy. Clinical Education of General Practice 2006;2(1):113‐5.
Gilchrist 1992 {published data only}
    1. Gilchrist BF, Lobe TE, Schropp KP, Kay GA, Hixson SD, Wrenn EL, et al. Is there a role for laparoscopic appendectomy in pediatric surgery?. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 1992;27(2):209‐14. - PubMed
Hanning 2006 {published data only}
    1. Hanning W, Guoan X, Kaiyun C. A comparative study between laparoscopic and open appendectomy for acute appendicitis in children. Chinese Journal of Minimally Invasive Surgery 2006;6(8):593‐4.
Hay 1998 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Hay SA. Laparoscopic versus conventional appendectomy in children. Pediatric Surgery International 1998;13(1):21‐3. - PubMed
Herman 2000 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Herman J, Duda M, Svach I, Stary L. Quo vadis appendectomia laparoscopica? [Quo vadis appendectomia laparoscopica?]. Rozhledy v Chirurgii 2000;79(1):13‐6. - PubMed
Herman 2003 {published data only}
    1. Herman J, Duda M, Lovecek M, Svach I. Open versus laparoscopic appendectomy. Hepatogastroenterology 2003;50(53):1419‐21. - PubMed
Hill 1991 {published data only}
    1. Hill AD, Attwood SE, Stephens RB. Laparoscopy appendicectomy is feasible and safe in acute appendicitis. Irish Journal of Medical Science 1991;160(6):268‐70. - PubMed
Jan 2011 {published data only}
    1. Jan WA, Rehman ZU, Khan SM, Ali G, Qayyum A, Mumtaz N. Outcome of open versus laproscopic appendicectomy in department of surgery, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute 2011;25(3):245‐51.
Karaorman 1994 {published data only}
    1. Karaorman M, Fernandez F, Werthmann K, Trede M. Results of a prospective study on laparoscopic appendicectomy [Ergebnisse einer prospektiven Studie zur laparoskopischen Appendektomie]. Der Chirurg 1994;65(10):1126‐9. - PubMed
Klima 1998 {published data only}
    1. Klima S, Schyra B. Method and results of stump‐treatment in laparoscopic appendectomy [Technik und Bedeutung der Stumpfeversorgung für das Ergebnis der laparoskopischen Appendektomie]. Langenbecks Archiv fur Chirurgie 1996;113(Suppl):556‐8. - PubMed
Kollias 1994 {published data only}
    1. Kollias J, Harries RH, Otto G, Hamilton DW, Cox JS, Gallery RM. Laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy for suspected appendicitis: A prospective study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery 1994;64(12):830‐5. - PubMed
Koluh 2010 {published data only}
    1. Koluh A. Complications during and after laparoscopic appendectomy. Bosnia Herzegovina Surgery 2012;2(1):49‐53.
    1. Koluh A, Delibegovic S, Hasukic S, Valjan V, Latic F. Laparoscopic appendectomy in the treatment of acute appendicitis. Medicinski Arhiv 2010;64(3):147‐50. [PUBMED: 20645506] - PubMed
Konstadoulakis 2006 {published data only}
    1. Konstadoulakis MM, Gomatos IP, Antonakis PT, Manouras A, Albanopoulos K, Nikiteas N, et al. Two‐trocar laparoscopic‐assisted appendectomy versus conventional laparoscopic appendectomy in patients with acute appendicitis. Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques 2006;16(1):27‐32. - PubMed
Kotlobovskii 2003 {published data only}
    1. Kotlobovskii VI, Dronov AF, Poddubnyi IV, Dzhenalaev BK. Comparative study of surgical and endosurgical treatment of generalized appendicular peritonitis in children [Sravnitel'noe izuchenie rezul'tatov lecheniia rasprostranennykh form appendikuliarnogo peritonita u detei, operirovannykh laparoskopicheskim i traditsionnym khirurgicheskim sposobom]. Khirurgiia 2003;7(1):32‐37. - PubMed
Kum 1993b {published data only}
    1. Kum CK, Sim EK, Goh PM, Ngoi SS, Rauff A. Diagnostic laparoscopy: reducing the number of normal appendectomies. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 1993;36(8):763‐6. - PubMed
Kumar 2004 {published data only}
    1. Kumar S, Jain S. Treatment of appendiceal mass: prospective, randomized clinical trial. Indian Journal of Gastroenterology 2004;23(5):165‐7. - PubMed
Lamparelli 2000 {published data only}
    1. Lamparelli MJ, Hoque HM, Pogson CJ, Ball AB. A prospective evaluation of the combined use of the modified alvarado score with selective laparoscopy in adult females in the management of suspected appendicitis. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 2000;82(3):192‐5. - PMC - PubMed
Lansdown 1993 {published data only}
    1. Lansdown M, Kraly Z, Milkins R, Royston C. Conventional versus laparoscopic surgery for acute appendicitis. British Journal of Surgery 1993;80(10):1349‐50. - PubMed
Lau 2005 {published data only}
    1. Lau DH, Yau KK, Chung CC, Leung FC, Tai YP, Li MK. Comparison of needlescopic appendectomy versus conventional laparoscopic appendectomy: a randomized controlled trial. Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques 2005;15(2):75‐9. - PubMed
Li 2005 {published data only}
    1. Li P, Xu Q, Ji Z, Gao Y, Zhang X, Duan Y, et al. A comparative study on surgical stress between laparoscopic and open appendectomy in children.. Chinese Journal of General Surgery 2005;14(1):9. - PubMed
    1. Li P, Xu Q, Ji Z, Gao Y, Zhang X, Duan Y, et al. Comparison of surgical stress between laparoscopic and open appendectomy in children. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2005;40(8):1279‐83. - PubMed
Lujan Mompean 1994 {published data only}
    1. Lujan Mompean JA, Robles Campos R, Parrilla Paricio P, Soria Aledo V, García Ayllon J. Laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy: a prospective assessment. British Journal of Surgery 1994;81(1):133‐5. - PubMed
Malik 2007 {published data only}
    1. Malik AH, Wani RA, Saima BD, Wani MY. Small lateral access‐an alternative approach to appendicitis in paediatric patients: A randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Surgery 2007;5:234‐8. - PubMed
Malik 2009 {published data only}
    1. Arshad AM, Talpur AH, Laghari AA. Video‐assisted laparoscopic extracorporeal appendectomy versus open appendectomy. Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques. Part A 2009;19(3):355‐9. - PubMed
Mantoglu 2013 {published data only}
    1. Mantoglu B, Okuducu M, Karip AB, Altun H, Onur E, Baskent A, et al. Comparison of hospital costs and clinical data between laparoscopic appendectomy and open appendectomy in a developing country. Surgical Endoscopy. 2013; Vol. 27, issue Suppl:S85.
Marzouk 2002 {published data only}
    1. Marzouk M, Khater M, Elsadek M, Abdelmoghny A. Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy ‐ a prospective comparative study of 227 patients. Surgical endoscopy 2003;17(5):721‐4. - PubMed
McAnena 1992 {published data only}
    1. McAnena OF, Austin O, Hederman WP, Gorey TF, Fitzpatrick J, O'Connell PR. Laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy. Lancet 1991;338(8768):693. - PubMed
    1. McAnena OF, Austin O, O'Connell PR, Hederman WP, Gorey TF, Fitzpatrick J. Laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy: A prospective evaluation. British Journal of Surgery 1992;79(8):818‐20. - PubMed
Milewczyk 1998 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Milewczyk M, Michalik M, Ciesielski M. A prospective, randomized, unicenter study comparing laparoscopic and open treatments of acute appendicitis. Surgical Endoscopy 2003;17(7):1023‐8. - PubMed
    1. Orlowski M, Michalik M, Milewczyk M, Budzinski R, Witzling M, Hochschulz J. Open versus laparoscopic appendectomy ‐ comparison of postoperative complications. A randomized prospective study [Porownanie appendektomii laparoskopowej i klasycznej pod wzgledem czestosci wystepowania powiklan pooerayjnych ‐ Praca porspektywna, randomizowana]. Acta Endoscopica Polona 2000;10(1):31‐4.
Moberg 1998 {published data only}
    1. Moberg AC, Ahlberg G, Leijonmarck CE, Montgomery A, Reiertsen O, Rosseland AR, et al. Diagnostic laparoscopy in 1043 patients with suspected acute appendicitis. European Journal of Surgery 1998;164(11):833‐41. - PubMed
Moldovanu 2010 {published data only}
    1. Moldovanu R, Vlad N, Tarcoveanu E, Lupascu C, Dimofte G, Filip V, Bradea C, et al. Acute appendicitis ‐ open versus minimally‐invasive approach [abstract]. Surgical Endoscopy. 2010; Vol. 24, issue Suppl:S81‐2.
Mugomba 2001 {published data only}
    1. Mugomba G, Schenk C, Dabidian R, Scheuerecker H, Glaser F. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in children ‐ a 2‐year prospective study [Laparoskopische versus konventionell Appendektomie im Kindesalter ‐ Ergebnisse einer prospektiven 2‐Jahres‐Beobachtungsstudie]. Zentralblatt für Kinderchirurgie 2001;10(1):16‐20.
Näf 1996 {published data only}
    1. Näf R, Bischofberger U, Buchmann P. Advantages of laparoscopic appendectomy [Avantages de l'appendicectomie laparoscopique]. Revue Medicale de la Suisse Romande 1996;116(7):537‐40. - PubMed
Naver 1994 {published data only}
    1. Naver LP, Kock JP, Bokmand S. Laparoscopic appendicectomy: early experience [Primære erfaringer med laparoskopisk appendektomi]. Ugeskrift for Læger 1994;156(25):3775‐7. - PubMed
Niebuhr 1992 {published data only}
    1. Niebuhr H, Nahrstedt U, Rückert K. Laparoscopic versus conventional appendectomy ‐ which technique in acute appendicitis? [Laparoskopische versus konventionelle Appendektomie ‐ Welches Verfahren bei akuter Appendizitis?]. Laparoendoskopische Chirurgie 1992;1(1):89‐97.
Oka 2004 {published data only}
    1. Oka T, Kurkchubasche AG, Bussey JG, Wesselhoeft CW, Tracy TF, Luks FI. Open and laparoscopic appendectomy are equally safe and acceptable in children. Surgical Endoscopy 2004;18(2):242‐5. - PubMed
Padankatti 2008 {published data only}
    1. Padankatti LR, Kirthy Pramod R, Gupta A, Ramachandran P. Laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy for complicated appendicitis: a prospective study. Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons 2008;13(3):104‐6. - PMC - PubMed
Planells Roig 1993 {published data only}
    1. Planells Roig MV, García Espinosa R, Moya Sanz A, Rodero D. Laparoscopic appendectomy versus traditional appendectomy: a prospective study of 93 consecutive cases [Apendicectomía laparoscópica frente a apendicectomía tradicional. Estudio prospectivo de 93 casos consecutivos]. Cirugía Española 1994;56(3):208‐13.
Prado 1997 {published data only}
    1. Prado E, García‐Alcalá H, Domínguez‐Cocco A, Justo‐Janeiro JM. N/A [Estudio comparativo de apendicectomía laparoscópica con endoasas preatadas vs apendicectomía abierta]. Revista de Gastroenterología de México 1997;62(4):254‐9. - PubMed
Pruett 1994 {published data only}
    1. Pruett B, Pruett J. Laparoscopic appendectomy: have we found a better way?. Journal of the Mississippi State Medical Association 1994;35(12):347‐51. - PubMed
Raakow 1993 {published data only}
    1. Keck H, Raakow R, Thalmann U, Steinmüller T, Lüsebrink R, Neuhaus P. Results of laparoscopic appendectomy in comparison to conventional surgical technique [Die laparoskopische Appendektomie im Vergleich zur konventionellen Operationstechnik bei akuter Appendizitis]. Acta Chirurgica Austriaca 1995;27(1):55‐9.
    1. Raakow R, Keck H, Neuhaus P. Results of laparoscopic appendectomy in comparison to conventional surgical technique [Ergebnisse der laparoskopischen Appendektomie im Vergleich zur konventionellen Operationstechnik]. Langenbecks Archiv für Chirurgie 1993;110(3):180‐2.
Rashid 2013 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Rashid A, Nazir S, Kakroo SM, Chalkoo MA, Razvi SA, Wani AA. Laparoscopic Interval appendectomy versus open interval appendectomy: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques 2013;23(1):93‐6. - PubMed
Reiertsen 1994 {published data only}
    1. Reiertsen O, Trondsen E, Bakka A, Andersen OK, Larsen S, Rosseland AR. Prospective nonrandomized study of conventional versus laparoscopic appendectomy. World Journal of Surgery 1994;18(3):411‐6. - PubMed
Richards 1993 {published data only}
    1. Richards W, Watson D, Lynch G, Reed GW, Olsen D, Spaw A, et al. A review of the results of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy. Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics 1993;177(5):473‐80. - PubMed
Ritter 1998 {published data only}
    1. Ritter C, Sahm M, Kubo G. Laparoscopic versus conventional appendectomy [Laparoskopische versus konventionelle Appendektomie]. Zentralblatt für Chirurgie 1998;123:94‐6. - PubMed
Rückert 1993 {published data only}
    1. Rückert K, Niebuhr H, Nahrstedt U. Laparoscopic appendectomy versus conventional appendectomy in acute appendicitis [Laparoskopische Appendektomie versus konventionelle Appendektomie bei akuter Appendizitis]. Minimal Invasive Chirurgie 1993;2:8.
Sarihan 1994 {published data only}
    1. Sarihan H, Akyazici R, Abes M, Cay A, Mamoglu M. Evaluation of peritoneal drainage in children with perforated appendicitis [Perfore apandisitli cocuklarda peritoneal direnajin degerlendirilmesi]. Pediatrik Cerrahi Dergisi 1994;8(1):26‐29.
Sayed Hassen 1996 {published data only}
    1. Sayed Hassen AH, Cade RJ. A prospective trial of open versus laparoscopic appendicectomy. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery 1996;66(3):178‐80. - PubMed
Schäfer 1997 {published data only}
    1. Schäfer R, Gerlach K, Barthel M, Schmucker P. Effects of endoscopic operation techniques on respiration in children [Auswirkungen endoskopischer Operationstechniken bei Kindern auf die Beatmung]. Anasthesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, Schmerztherapie 1997;32(6):343‐7. - PubMed
Schramm 1994 {published data only}
    1. Schramm R, Land RD, Unger S, Thiele H. Laparoscopic appendectomy in acute appendicitis [Laparoskopische Appendektomie bei akuter Appendizitis]. Zentralblatt für Chirurgie 1994;111(Suppl):226‐8.
Schroder 1993 {published data only}
    1. Schroder DM, Lathrop JC, Lloyd LR, Boccaccio JE, Hawasli A. Laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis: is there really any benefit?. American Surgeon 1993;59(8):541‐8. - PubMed
Sfez 1993 {published data only}
    1. Sfez M. Laparoscopic surgery: the anesthetist's point of view [Cœliochirurgie en pédiatire: le point de vue de l'anesthésiste]. Cahiers d'Anesthésiologie 1993;41(4):237‐44. - PubMed
Shalaby 2001 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Shalaby R, Arnos A, Desoky A, Samaha AH. Laparoscopic appendectomy in children: evaluation of different techniques. Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques 2001;11(1):22‐7. - PubMed
Shen 2012 {published data only}
    1. Shen Z, Ye Y, Yin M, Wang S. Laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis versus chronic appendicitis. Journal of Investigative Surgery 2012;25(4):209‐13. - PubMed
Shirazi 2010 {published data only}
    1. Shirazi B, Ali N, Shamim MS. Laproscopic versus open appendectomy: a comparative study. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 2010;60(11):901‐4. - PubMed
Sosa 1993 {published data only}
    1. Sosa JL, Sleeman D, McKenney MG, Dygert J, Yarish D, Martin L. A comparison of laparoscopic and traditional appendectomy. Journal of Laparoendoscopic Surgery 1993;3(2):129‐31. - PubMed
St Peter 2010 {published data only}
    1. Peter SD, Aguayo P, Fraser JD, Keckler SJ, Sharp SW, Leys CM, et al. Initial laparoscopic appendectomy versus initial nonoperative management and interval appendectomy for perforated appendicitis with abscess: a prospective, randomized trial. Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2010;45(1):236‐40. - PubMed
Tarnoff 1998 {published data only}
    1. Tarnoff M, Atabek U, Goodman M, Alexander JB, Chrzanowski F, Mortman K, et al. A comparison of laparoscopic and open appendectomy. Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons 1998;2(2):153‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Tate 1993b {published data only}
    1. Tate JJ, Chung SC, Dawson J, Leong HT, Chan A, Lau WY, Li AK. Conventional versus laparoscopic surgery for acute appendicitis. British Journal of Surgery 1993;80(6):761‐4. - PubMed
Thon 1996 {published data only}
    1. Thon KP, Stoltzing H. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy ‐ pleading for distinct decision [Laparoskopische oder konventionelle Appendektomie ‐ Plädoyer für eine differenzierte Verfahrenswahl]. Aktuelle Chirurgie 1996;31(4):345‐350.
Thorell 1999 {published data only}
    1. Thorell A, Grondal S, Schedvins K, Wallin G. Value of diagnostic laparoscopy in fertile women with suspected appendicitis. European Journal of Surgery 1999;165(8):751‐4. - PubMed
Till 1994 {published data only}
    1. Till H, Lochbühler H, Böhm B, Kellnar S. Prospective comparison of the postoperative course following laparoscopic or open appendectomy in the pediatric patient [Prospektive Studie zum postoperativen Verlauf nach laparoskopischer oder konventioneller Appendektomie im Kindesalter]. Langenbecks Archiv für Chirurgie 1994;111:599‐602.
    1. Till H, Weiss M, Kellnar S, Böhm R, Joppich I. Laparoscopic appendectomy reduces post‐operative inflammation and shortens convalescence in children [Die laparoskopische Appendektomie verringert im Kindesalter die postoperative Inflammation und verkürzt die Rekonvaleszenz]. Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 1995;143:S233.
Ure 1992 {published data only}
    1. Ure BM, Spangenberger W, Hebebrand D, Eypasch EP, Troidl H. Laparoscopic surgery in children and adolescents with suspected appendicitis: results of medical technology assessment. European Journal of Pediatric Surgery 1992;2(6):336‐340. - PubMed
Van den Broek 2000 {published data only}
    1. Broek WT, Bijnen AB, Eerten PV, Ruiter P, Gouma DJ. Selective use of diagnostic laparoscopy in patients with suspected appendicitis. Surgical Endoscopy 2000;14(10):938‐41. - PubMed
Varlet 1994 {published data only}
    1. Varlet F, Tardieu D, Limonne B, Metafiot H, Chavrier Y. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in children ‐ comparative study of 403 cases. European Journal of Pediatric Surgery 1994;4(6):333‐7. - PubMed
Whitworth 1998 {published data only}
    1. Whitworth CM, Whitworth PW, Sanfillipo J, Polk HC. Value of diagnostic laparoscopy in young women with possible appendicitis. Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics 1988;167(3):187‐90. - PubMed
Wullstein 2001 {published data only}
    1. Wullstein C, Barkhausen S, Gross E. Results of laparoscopic vs. conventional appendectomy in complicated appendicitis. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 2001;44(11):1700‐5. - PubMed
Zaninotto 1995 {published data only}
    1. Zaninotto G, Rossi M, Anselmino M, Costantino M, Pianalto S, Baldan N, et al. Laparoscopic versus conventional surgery for suspected appendicitis in women. Surgical Endoscopy 1995;9(3):337‐40. - PubMed

References to studies awaiting assessment

Esposito 1997 {published data only}
    1. Esposito P, Cerbone D, Rotondano G, Prete A, Pisano R, Cerbone G. Laparoscopic appendectomy: our experience. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 1997; Vol. 45, issue 4:AB186.
Hoff 1995 {published data only}
    1. Hoff C, Ruers T, Jakimowicz J. Randomized study of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy. Surgical Endoscopy. 1995; Vol. 9, issue 5:605.
Loh 1992 {published data only}
    1. Loh A, Loosemore TM, Griffiths AB, Fiennes AG, Taylor RS. Less pain and earlier return to work after laparoscopic than after open appendicectomy: a randomized prospective study. 3rd World Congress of Endoscopic Surgery. Bordeaux, France, 1992; Vol. Session CL1/2:Abstract 44.
Rohr 1994 {published data only}
    1. Rohr S, Thiry CL, Manzini N, Perrauid V, Meyer C. Laparoscopic vs open appendectomy in men: a prospective randomized study. British Journal of Surgery. 1994; Vol. 81, issue Suppl:6‐7.
Talha 2015 {published data only}
    1. Talha AI, Ghazal AH. Laparoscopic vs open management of perforated appendicitis: a prospective randomized clinical trial. Surgical Endoscopy and Other Interventional Techniques. 2015; Vol. 29, issue Suppl:S9.

References to ongoing studies

ChiCTR‐TRC‐14005067 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR‐TRC‐14005067. Impact of children laparoscopic appendectomy on gastrointestinal function function: a randomized controlled trial. http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=4508 (first received 5 August 2014).
IRCT2015102724747N1 {published data only}
    1. IRCT2015102724747N1. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: compare outcomes and complications in the treatment of complicated appendicitis. http://en.irct.ir/trial/20823 (first received 06 June 2017).
IRCT201703088375N12 {published data only}
    1. IRCT201703088375N12. Comparison of complications and outcomes of three methods of Llparoscopic appendectomy, single‐incision and open appendectomy in pediatric patients. http://en.irct.ir/trial/8854 (first received 7 August 2017).
NCT01260064 {published data only}
    1. NCT01260064. Open appendectomy versus laparoscopic appendectomy. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01260064 (first received 15 December 2010).
UMIN000003711 {published data only}
    1. UMIN000003711. Value of laparoscopic appendectomy in perforated appendicitis ‐ a randomized controlled trial. http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/ (first received 18 August 2015).

Additional references

Addiss 1990
    1. Addiss DG, Shaffer N, Fowler BS, Tauxe RV. The epidemiology of appendicitis and appendectomy in the United States. American Journal of Epidemiology 1990;132(5):910‐25. - PubMed
Aly 2016
    1. Aly OE, Black DH, Rehman H, Ahmed I. Single incision laparoscopic appendicectomy versus conventional three‐port laparoscopic appendicectomy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. International Journal of Surgery 2017;35:120‐8. - PubMed
ANDEM 1997
    1. Agence Nationale pour le Développement de l'Évaluation Médicale. Appendicitis: Recommendations and medical references [Appendicite: Recommandations et références médicales]. Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique 1997;21(1):50‐70. - PubMed
Andreu‐Ballester 2009
    1. Andreu‐Ballester JC, Gonzalez‐Sanchez A, Ballester F, Almela‐Quilis A, Cano‐Cano MJ, Millan‐Scheiding M, et al. Epidemiology of appendectomy and appendicitis in the Valencian community (Spain), 1998‐2007. Digestive Surgery 2009;26(5):406‐12. - PubMed
Aziz 2006
    1. Aziz O, Athanasiou T, Tekkis PP, Purkayastha S, Haddow J, Malinovski V, et al. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in children: a meta‐analysis. Annals of Surgery 2006;243(1):17‐27. - PMC - PubMed
Baird 2017
    1. Baird DL, Similis C, Kontovounisios C, Rasheed S, Tekkis PP. Acute appendicitis. British Medical Association 2017;357:j1703. - PubMed
Bennett 2007
    1. Bennett J, Boddy A, Rhodes M. Choice of approach for appendicectomy: a meta‐analysis of open versus laparoscopic appendicectomy. Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques 2007;17(4):245‐55. - PubMed
Bregendahl 2013
    1. Bregendahl S, Nørgaard M, Laurberg S, Jepsen P. Risk of complications and 30‐day mortality after laparoscopic and open appendectomy in a Danish region, 1998‐2007; a population‐based study of 18,426 patients. Polski Przeglad Chirurgiczny 2013;85(7):395‐400. - PubMed
Bulian 2013
    1. Bulian DR, Knuth J, Sauerwald A, Strohlein MA, Lefering R, Ansorg J, et al. Appendectomy in Germany‐an analysis of a nationwide survey 2011/2012. International Journal of Colorectal Disease 2013;28(1):127‐38. - PubMed
Cheng 2015
    1. Cheng Y, Zhou S, Zhou R, Lu J, Wu S, Xiong X, et al. Abdominal drainage to prevent intra‐peritoneal abscess after open appendectomy for complicated appendicitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 2. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010168.pub2] - DOI - PubMed
Chung 1999
    1. Chung RS, Rowland DY, Li P, Diaz J. A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials of laparoscopic versus conventional appendectomy. American Journal of Surgery 1999;177:250‐6. - PubMed
Dai 2017
    1. Dai L, Shuai J. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in adults and children: a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. United European Gastroenterology Journal 2017;5(4):542‐53. [PUBMED: 28588886] - PMC - PubMed
Deeks 2011
    1. Deeks JJ, Higgins JP, Altman DG. Chapter 9: Analysing data and undertaking meta‐analyses. In: Higgins JP, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from handbook.cochrane.org.
Egger 1997
    1. Egger M, Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta‐analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. British Medical Journal 1997;315(7109):629‐34. - PMC - PubMed
Eriksson 1995
    1. Eriksson S, Granström L. Randomized controlled trial of appendicectomy versus antibiotic therapy for acute appendicitis. British Journal of Surgery 1995;82(2):166‐9. - PubMed
Eypasch 1996
    1. Eypasch E, Felsenstein M, Köhler L, Troidl H. Decision‐making in acute appendicitis: meta‐analysis versus clinical practice. Digestive Surgery 1996;13(4‐5):309‐13.
Faiz 2008
    1. Faiz O, Clark J, Brown T, Bottle A, Antoniou A, Farrands P, et al. Traditional and laparoscopic appendectomy in adults: outcomes in English NHS hospitals between 1996 and 2006. Annals of Surgery 2008;248(5):800‐6. - PubMed
Fingerhut 1999
    1. Fingerhut A, Millat B, Borrie F. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: time to decide. World Journal of Surgery 1999;23(8):835‐45. - PubMed
Follmann 1992
    1. Follmann D, Elliot P, Suh I, Cutler J. Variance imputation for overviews of clinical trials with continuous response. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 1992;45(7):769‐73. - PubMed
Garbutt 1999
    1. Garbutt JM, Soper NJ, Shannon WD, Botero A, Littenberg B. Meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing laparoscopic and open appendectomy. Surgical Laparoscopy and Endoscopy 1999;9:17‐26. - PubMed
Golub 1998
    1. Golub R, Siddiqui F, Pohl D. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy: a metaanalysis. Journal of the American College of Surgeons 1998;186(5):545‐53. - PubMed
Higgins 2011
    1. Higgins JP, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from handbook.cochrane.org.
Ingraham 2010
    1. Ingraham AM, Cohen ME, Bilimoria KY, Pritts TA, Ko CY, Esposito TJ. Comparison of outcomes after laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for acute appendicitis at 222 ACS NSQIP hospitals. Surgery 2010;148(4):625‐35. [PUBMED: 20797745] - PubMed
Jaschinski 2015
    1. Jaschinski T, Mosch C, Eikermann M, Neugebauer EA. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in patients with suspected appendicitis: a systematic review of meta‐analyses of randomised controlled trials. BMC Gastroenterology 2015;15:48. - PMC - PubMed
Jeon 2017
    1. Jeon BG. Predictive factors and outcomes of negative appendectomy. American Journal of Surgery 2017;213(4):731‐8. [PUBMED: 27769547] - PubMed
Kapischke 2006
    1. Kapischke M, Caliebe A, Tepel J, Schulz T, Hedderich J. Open versus laparoscopic appendicectomy: a critical review. Surgical Endoscopy 2006;20(7):1060‐8. - PubMed
Kapischke 2011
    1. Kapischke M, Friedrich F, Hedderich J, Schulz T, Caliebe A. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy‐‐quality of life 7 years after surgery. Langenbeck's archives of surgery / Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie 2011;396(1):69‐75. [PUBMED: 20927534] - PubMed
Kim 2004
    1. Kim CB, Kim MS, Hong J, Lee HY, Yu SH. Is laparoscopic appendectomy useful for the treatment of acute appendicitis in Korea? A meta‐analysis. Yonsei Medical Journal 2004;45(1):7‐16. - PubMed
Kotaluoto 2017
    1. Kotaluoto S, Ukkonen M, Pauniaho SL, Helminen M, Sand J, Rantanen T. Mortality related to appendectomy: a population based analysis over two decades in Finland. World Journal of Surgery 2017;41(1):64‐9. [PUBMED: 27535664] - PubMed
Lee 2010
    1. Lee JH, Park YS, Choi JS. The epidemiology of appendicitis and appendectomy in South Korea: national registry data. Journal of epidemiology / Japan Epidemiological Association 2010;20(2):97‐105. - PMC - PubMed
Li 2010
    1. Li X, Zhang J, Sang L, Zhang W, Chu Z, Li X, et al. Laparoscopic versus conventional appendectomy ‐ a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Gastroenterology 2010;10:129. - PMC - PubMed
Lin 2015
    1. Lin KB, Lai KR, Yang NP, Wu KS, Ting HW, Pan RH, et al. Trends and outcomes in the utilization of laparoscopic appendectomies in a low‐income population in Taiwan from 2003 to 2011. International Journal for Equity in Health 2015;14(100):1‐10. - PMC - PubMed
Liu 2010
    1. Liu Z, Zhang P, Ma Y, Chen H, Zhou Y, Zhang M, et al. Laparoscopy or not: a meta‐analysis of the surgical effects of laparoscopic versus open appendicectomy. Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy and Percutaneous Techniques 2010;20(6):362‐70. - PubMed
Majeed 1996
    1. Majeed AW, Troy G, Nicholl JP, Smythe A, Reed MW, Stoddard CJ, et al. Randomised, prospective, single‐blind comparison of laparoscopic versus small‐incision cholecystectomy. Lancet 1996;347(9007):989‐94. - PubMed
Mannu 2017
    1. Mannu GS, Sudul MK, Bettencourt‐Silva JH, Cumber E, Li F, Clark AB, et al. Closure methods of the appendix stump for complications during laparoscopic appendectomy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, Issue 11. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006437.pub3] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Markar 2014
    1. Markar SR, Penna M, Harris A. Laparoscopic approach to appendectomy reduces the incidence of short‐ and long‐term post‐operative bowel obstruction: systematic review and pooled analysis. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2014;18(9):1683‐92. - PubMed
McBurney 1894
    1. McBurney C. The incision made in the abdominal wall in cases of appendicitis, with a description of a new method of operating. Annals of Surgery 1894;20(1):38. - PMC - PubMed
Meynaud‐Kraemer 1999
    1. Meynaud‐Kraemer L, Colin C, Vergnon P, Barth X. Wound infection in open versus laparoscopic appendectomy ‐ a meta‐analysis. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 1999;15(2):380‐91. - PubMed
Neugebauer 1991
    1. Neugebauer E, Troidl H, Spangenberger W, Dietrich A, Lefering R. Conventional versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Surgery 1991;78(2):150‐4. - PubMed
Neugebauer 1999
    1. Neugebauer E. Resolution of problem needed. American Journal of Surgery 1999;177(6):525. - PubMed
Ohtani 2012
    1. Ohtani H, Tamamori Y, Arimoto Y, Nishiguchi Y, Maeda K, Hirakawa K. Meta‐analysis of the results of randomized controlled trials that compared laparoscopic and open surgery for acute appendicitis. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2012;16(10):1929‐39. - PubMed
Paterson 2008
    1. Paterson HM, Qadan M, Luca SM, Nixon SJ, Paterson‐Brown S. Changing trends in surgery for acute appendicitis. British Journal of Surgery 2008;95(3):363‐8. - PubMed
Rehman 2011
    1. Rehman H, Rao AM, Ahmed I. Single incision versus conventional multi‐incision appendicectomy for suspected appendicitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 7. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009022.pub2] - DOI - PubMed
Review Manager 2014 [Computer program]
    1. Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager 5 (RevMan 5). Copenhagen: Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014.
Sadr‐Azodi 2009
    1. Sadr‐Azodi O, Andren‐Sandberg A. The quality of randomized clinical trials in the field of surgery: studies on laparoscopic versus open appendectomy as an example. Digestive Surgery 2009;26(5):351‐7. - PubMed
Semm 1983
    1. Semm K. Endoscopic appendectomy. Endoscopy 1983;15(2):59‐64. - PubMed
Slim 1998
    1. Slim K, Pezet D, Chipponi J. Laparoscopic or open appendectomy? Critical review of randomized, controlled trials. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 1998;41(3):398‐403. - PubMed
Temple 1999
    1. Temple LK, Litwin DE, McLeod RS. A meta‐analysis of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in patients suspected of having acute appendicitis. Canadian Journal of Surgery 1999;42(5):377‐83. - PMC - PubMed
Tzovaras 2007
    1. Tzovaras G, Liakou P, Baloyiannis I, Spyridakis M, Mantzos F, Tepetes K, et al. Laparoscopic appendectomy: differences between male andfemale patients with suspected acute appendicitis. World Journal of Surgery 2007;31(2):409‐13. - PubMed
Ukai 2016
    1. Ukai T, Shikata S, Takeda H, Dawes L, Noguchi Y, Nakayama T, et al. Evidence of surgical outcomes fluctuates over time: results from a cumulative meta‐analysis of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for acute appendicitis. BMC Gastroenterology 2016;16:37. - PMC - PubMed
Van Hove 2008
    1. Hove C, Hardiman K, Diggs B, Deveney C, Sheppard B. Demographic and socioeconomic trends in the use of laparoscopic appendectomy from 1997 to 2003. American Journal of Surgery 2008;195(5):580‐4. - PubMed
Van Rossem 2016
    1. Rossem CC, Bolmers MD, Schreinemacher MH, Geloven AA, Bemelman WA. Prospective nationwide outcome audit of surgery for suspected acute appendicitis. British Journal of Surgery 2016;103(1):144‐51. - PubMed
Webb 2011
    1. Webb EM, Nguyen A, Wang ZJ, Stengel JW, Westphalen AC, Coakley FV. The negative appendectomy rate: who benefits from preoperative CT?. American Journal of Roentgenology 2011;197(4):861‐6. [PUBMED: 21940573] - PubMed
Wei 2011
    1. Wei B, Qi CL, Chen TF, Zheng ZH, Huang JL, Hu BG, et al. Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy for acute appendicitis: a metaanalysis. Surgical Endoscopy 2011;25(4):1199‐208. - PubMed
Weiser 2015
    1. Weiser TG, Uribe‐Leitz T, Fu R, Jaramillo J, Maurer L, Esquivel MM, et al. Variability in mortality after caesarean delivery, appendectomy, and groin hernia repair in low‐income and middle‐income countries: implications for expanding surgical services. Lancet 2015;385:34. - PubMed
Wilms 2011
    1. Wilms IM, Hoog DE, Visser DC, Janzing HM. Appendectomy versus antibiotic treatment for acute appendicitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 11. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004577.pub3] - DOI - PubMed

References to other published versions of this review

Sauerland 1998
    1. Sauerland S, Lefering R, Holthausen U, Neugebauer EAM. Laparoscopic vs conventional appendectomy ‐ a meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials. Langenbeck's archives of surgery 1998;383(3‐4):289‐95. - PubMed
Sauerland 2002
    1. Sauerland S, Lefering R, Neugebauer EAM. Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2002, Issue 10. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001546] - DOI - PubMed
Sauerland 2004
    1. Sauerland S, Lefering R, Neugebauer EAM. Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2004, Issue 10. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001546.pub2] - DOI - PubMed
Sauerland 2010
    1. Sauerland S, Jaschinski T, Neugebauer EAM. Laparoscopic versus open surgery for suspected appendicitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, Issue 10. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001546.pub3; PUBMED: 20927725] - DOI - PubMed