Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research on Clavulanic Acid

doi:10.3390/antibiotics7040102

. 2018 Nov 26;7(4):102.

doi: 10.3390/antibiotics7040102.

Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research on Clavulanic Acid

Howard Ramirez-Malule¹

Affiliations

PMID: 30486255
PMCID: PMC6316524
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics7040102

Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research on Clavulanic Acid

Howard Ramirez-Malule. Antibiotics (Basel). 2018.

. 2018 Nov 26;7(4):102.

doi: 10.3390/antibiotics7040102.

Author

Howard Ramirez-Malule¹

Affiliation

¹ Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Universidad del Valle, A.A. 25360 Cali, Colombia. howard.ramirez@correounivalle.edu.co.

PMID: 30486255
PMCID: PMC6316524
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics7040102

Abstract

Clavulanic acid (CA), a potent inhibitor of the β-lactam, ase enzyme, is frequently co-formulated with a broad spectrum of antibiotics to treat infections caused by β-lactamase-producing pathogens. In order to evaluate the impact and the progress of CA studies in the last four decades, a bibliometric analysis of the global scientific production of CA was carried out. A total of 39,758 records in the field of CA were indexed in the Scopus database for a 43-year period of study (1975⁻2017). The results indicated that CA studies have grown, showing three phases (1975⁻1999, 2000⁻2003 and 2004⁻2017) based on records of publications; the results showed a sigmoidal profile. Medicine was the main subject area for CA studies, whereas biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology were areas of research for CA production by Streptomyces clavuligerus (S. clavuligerus). Nevertheless, chemical engineering (as a subject area) had the highest increase in the percentage of publications related to CA production by S. clavuligerus. The United States, France, the United Kingdom, Spain and Brazil were the leading countries in the scientific production of studies on both CA and CA related to S. clavuligerus. This analysis allowed the identification of the area of knowledge with the highest impact on CA studies, the top researchers and their geographic distribution, and also helped to highlight the existence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria as an emergent area in CA research.

Keywords: Streptomyces clavuligerus; antibiotics; bibliometric analysis; clavulanic acid; multidrug resistant bacteria; resistant bacteria.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author declares no conflicts of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Quantitative growth process of scientific studies concerning clavulanic acid in the period of 1975–2017.

**Figure 2**
Summary of publications on clavulanic acid between 1975 and 2017. (a) Documents grouped by areas. Note: percentages add up to more than 100 because a document can be indexed in more than one area. Other areas contributed 6.2%. (b) Top 10 leading countries in the field of clavulanic acid.

**Figure 3**
Records of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (CA) resistance studies between 2002 and 2017.

**Figure 4**
Research topic map for publications related to clavulanic acid and clavulanate studies.

**Figure 5**
Research topic network visualization of publications related to CA and multidrug resistance in the period between 2008 and 2017. Note: The minimum number of occurrences of a keyword is 20.

**Figure 6**
Network of clavulanic acid studies by *Streptomyces clavuligerus* in the period of 1975–2017. (a) Research-topic map for publications about clavulanic acid production by *Streptomyces clavuligerus*. (b) Research-topic map with time overlay (2002–2008) for studies on clavulanic acid production by *Streptomyces clavuligerus*.

**Figure 7**
Publications about clavulanic acid production by *Streptomyces clavuligerus* in the chemical engineering discipline between 1976 and 2017. (a) Research-topic map for publications about clavulanic acid production by *Streptomyces clavuligerus*. (b) Research-topic density map for publications about clavulanic acid production by *Streptomyces clavuligerus*.

**Figure 8**
Summary of publications on clavulanic acid production by *Streptomyces clavuligerus* between 1976 and 2017. (a) Top 10 leading countries in the field of clavulanic acid production by *Streptomyces clavuligerus*. (b) Top 10 leading institutions in the field of clavulanic acid production by *Streptomyces clavuligerus*.

**Figure 9**
Visualization of the country collaboration network for studies on clavulanic acid production by *Streptomyces clavuligerus*. Note: Countries contributing a minimum number of five documents and citations.

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References

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[1] Banin E., Hughes D., Kuipers O.P. Editorial: Bacterial pathogens, antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 2017;41:450–452. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fux016. - DOI - PubMed

[2] Banin E., Hughes D., Kuipers O.P. Editorial: Bacterial pathogens, antibiotics and antibiotic resistance. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 2017;41:450–452. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fux016. - DOI - PubMed

[3] Demain A.L. Pharmaceutically active secondary metabolites of microorganisms. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 1999;52:455–463. doi: 10.1007/s002530051546. - DOI - PubMed

[4] Demain A.L. Pharmaceutically active secondary metabolites of microorganisms. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 1999;52:455–463. doi: 10.1007/s002530051546. - DOI - PubMed

[5] Van der Meij A., Worsley S.F., Hutchings M.I., van Wezel G.P. Chemical ecology of antibiotic production by actinomycetes. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 2017;41:392–416. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fux005. - DOI - PubMed

[6] Van der Meij A., Worsley S.F., Hutchings M.I., van Wezel G.P. Chemical ecology of antibiotic production by actinomycetes. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 2017;41:392–416. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fux005. - DOI - PubMed

[7] Viana Marques D., Machado S., Ebinuma V., Duarte C., Converti A., Porto A. Production of β-lactamase inhibitors by Streptomyces species. Antibiotics. 2018;7:61. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics7030061. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Viana Marques D., Machado S., Ebinuma V., Duarte C., Converti A., Porto A. Production of β-lactamase inhibitors by Streptomyces species. Antibiotics. 2018;7:61. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics7030061. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] De Lima Procópio R.E., da Silva I.R., Martins M.K., de Azevedo J.L., de Araújo J.M. Antibiotics produced by Streptomyces. Braz. J. Infect. Dis. 2012;16:466–471. doi: 10.1016/j.bjid.2012.08.014. - DOI - PubMed

[10] De Lima Procópio R.E., da Silva I.R., Martins M.K., de Azevedo J.L., de Araújo J.M. Antibiotics produced by Streptomyces. Braz. J. Infect. Dis. 2012;16:466–471. doi: 10.1016/j.bjid.2012.08.014. - DOI - PubMed

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Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research on Clavulanic Acid

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Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research on Clavulanic Acid

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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