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. 2018 Nov 28;14(1):371.
doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1686-7.

Evaluation and optimization of a conventional SPCE for FMD post-vaccination monitoring

Yeong-Lim Kang  1 , Ji-Yun Jeong  1 , Hwi-Yeon Choi  1 , Yanhong Zhang  2 , Yumei Liu  2 , Ho-Jong Lee  1 , Jong-Chul Choi  1 , So-Hyun Lee  1 , Beom-Joo Lee  1 , Sang-Won Lee  1 , Joong-Bok Lee  1 , Ki-Hyun Cho  3 , Seung-Yong Park  4
Affiliations

Evaluation and optimization of a conventional SPCE for FMD post-vaccination monitoring

Yeong-Lim Kang et al. BMC Vet Res. .

Abstract

Background: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) can be controlled by either stamping out or vaccination, a choice which depends on both the economic importance of the livestock sector as well as the disease status. In FMD-free countries with vaccination, such as Korea, vaccination programs should guarantee prevention against transmission of FMD. Monitoring of vaccination programs is also essential for ensuring sufficient coverage that will limit the transmission of FMDV. There are several methods to screen FMD virus (FMDV) structural protein (SP) antibodies including SPCE (Solid-phase competitive ELISA), LPBE (Liquid-phase blocking ELISA), and VNT (Virus neutralization test). Among these, SPCE is widely used for serological monitoring since VNT-the gold standard method-has certain practical limitations, such as high costs in terms of time and labor. However, whether SPCE can ensure the vaccination status of individual animals and whole farms is unclear. In this study, SPCE, LPBE and VNT were compared with respect to correlation with each other and sensitivity at commercial pig farms.

Results: The positive results obtained by PrioCHECK SPCE differed from those obtained by LPBE and VNT. The sensitivity of SPCE relative to those of the other tests was fairly low. The raw data of SPCE were most highly correlated with those of VNT with XJ strain, while their positivity and negativity were most highly correlated with LPBE. The results of ROC analysis proposed new cut-off for PrioCHECK SPCE higher than the previous 50% inhibition.

Conclusions: The high false positive rate of PrioCHECK SPCE suggested that high seropositivity by SPCE may not guarantee a true vaccination coverage. Adjusting the cut-off percentage (%) inhibition value for SPCE is needed to address this problem, and it is highly recommended that routine FMDV serological monitoring programs using PrioCHECK SPCE should be combined with alternative methods such as LPBE or VNT.

Keywords: Foot-and-mouth disease; Liquid-phase blocking ELISA; Serological monitoring; Solid-phase competitive ELISA; Vaccination coverage; Virus neutralization test.

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Conflict of interest statement

Ethics approval

The authors confirm that the work complies with the ethical policies of the journal. The work was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Konkuk University (Seoul, Republic of Korea) under Authority No.: KU18107. The authors obtained approval for conducting the study in written consents from owners of all farms.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
a–f Progression of antibody response (a–c) and vaccination coverage (d–f) determined by SPCE, LPBE, and VNT. Data for group I (a, d), group II (b, e), and group III (c, f) are shown. The arrow indicates the timing of vaccination. Results of SPCE are expressed as PI, while those of LPBE and VNT are expressed as a logarithmic titer. Criteria for positivity by SPCE, LPBE, and VNT are 50%, 1/64 (1.81 log10), and 1/45 (1.65 log10), respectively. The results of average titer are presented as mean ± SD (n = 60). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
a–d Scatter plots and calculated regression lines between SPCE and LPBE (a, b) and between SPCE and VNT (c, d). Scatter plots show PI ratio of SPCE on the x-axis and logarithmic titer of LPBE or VNT on the y-axis. Dotted line represents the cut-off value for each test (1.17, SPCE; 1.81, LPBE; and 1.65, VNT)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
ROC curve analysis of results of individual SP antibody tests. The AUC is shown for each graph, with the 95% confidence interval in parentheses
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