doi: 10.1093/pm/pny228.
International Stakeholder Community of Pain Experts and Leaders Call for an Urgent Action on Forced Opioid Tapering
Beth D Darnall
1
, David Juurlink
2
, Robert D Kerns
3
, Sean Mackey
4
, Brent Van Dorsten
5
, Keith Humphreys
6
, Julio A Gonzalez-Sotomayor
7
, Andrea Furlan
8
, Adam J Gordon
9
10
, Debra B Gordon
11
, Diane E Hoffman
12
, Joel Katz
13
, Stefan G Kertesz
14
, Sally Satel
15
16
, Richard A Lawhern
17
, Kate M Nicholson
18
, Rosemary C Polomano
19
20
, Owen D Williamson
21
, Heath McAnally
22
23
, Ming-Chih Kao
24
, Stephan Schug
25
26
, Robert Twillman
27
28
, Terri A Lewis
29
30
, Richard L Stieg
31
, Kate Lorig
32
, Theresa Mallick-Searle
33
, Robert W West
34
, Sarah Gray
35
36
37
38
, Steven R Ariens
39
, Jennifer Sharpe Potter
40
, Penney Cowan
41
, Chad D Kollas
42
, Danial Laird
43
, Barby Ingle
44
, J Julian Grove
45
, Marian Wilson
46
47
, Kashelle Lockman
48
, Fiona Hodson
49
, Carol S Palackdharry
50
, Roger B Fillingim
51
52
, Jeffrey Fudin
53
54
, Jennifer Barnhouse
18
, Ajay Manhapra
55
56
57
58
, Steven R Henson
59
, Bruce Singer
60
61
, Marie Ljosenvoor
62
, Marlisa Griffith
63
, Jason N Doctor
64
, Kimeron Hardin
65
, Cathleen London
66
, Jon Mankowski
67
, Andrea Anderson
68
, Linda Ellsworth
69
, Lisa Davis Budzinski
70
, Becky Brandt
70
, Greg Hartley
71
, Debbie Nickels Heck
72
73
74
75
76
, Mark J Zobrosky
18
, Celeste Cheek
77
, Megan Wilson
18
, Cynthia E Laux
78
, Geralyn Datz
79
, Justin Dunaway
80
, Eileen Schonfeld
81
, Melissa Cady
82
, Thérèse LeDantec-Boswell
83
84
, Meredith Craigie
85
86
, John Sturgeon
87
, Pamela Flood
88
, Melita Giummarra
89
, Jessica Whelan
90
, Beverly E Thorn
91
, Richard L Martin
92
, Michael E Schatman
93
, Maurice D Gregory
94
, Joshua Kirz
88
, Patti Robinson, James G Marx
95
, Jessica R Stewart
96
, Phillip S Keck
97
, Scott E Hadland
98
, Jennifer L Murphy
99
, Mark A Lumley
100
, Kathleen S Brown
101
, Michael S Leong
102
, Mechele Fillman
103
, James W Broatch
104
, Aaron Perez
105
, Kristine Watford
106
, Kari Kruska
107
, Dokyoung Sophia You
108
, Stacy Ogbeide
109
110
, Amy Kukucka
18
, Susan Lawson
111
, James B Ray
112
, T Wade Martin
113
, James B Lakehomer
27
, Anne Burke
114
, Robert I Cohen
115
, Peter Grinspoon
116
, Marc S Rubenstein
117
, Stephani Sutherland
118
, Kristie Walters
119
, Travis Lovejoy
120
Affiliations
Affiliations
- 1 Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (by courtesy), Palo Alto, California.
- 2 Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- 3 Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
- 4 Division of Pain Medicine, Stanford Systems Neuroscience and Pain Lab, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Neurosciences and Neurology (by courtesy), Palo Alto, California.
- 5 Colorado Center for Behavioral Medicine, Colorado Pain Society, Denver, Colorado.
- 6 Stanford University School of Medicine.
- 7 Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.
- 8 Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- 9 University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
- 10 Addiction Medicine, Salt Lake City VA Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah.
- 11 Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
- 12 Law & Health Care Program, University of Maryland Carey School of Law.
- 13 Psychology Department, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- 14 Birmingham VA Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Opioid Safety Initiative, Opiate Advice Team, Opioid Risk Mitigation Team, Birmingham, Alabama.
- 15 Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
- 16 American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC.
- 17 Alliance for the Treatment of Intractable Pain.
- 18 ADAadep, Boulder, Colorado.
- 19 University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- 20 University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- 21 Pain Medicine Physicians of British Columbia, Canada.
- 22 Northern Anesthesia & Pain Medicine, LLC, Eagle River, Alaska.
- 23 Alaska Society of Interventional Pain Physicians.
- 24 Pain Management Center, Stanford University.
- 25 University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
- 26 Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia.
- 27 Academy of Integrative Pain Management, Sonora, California.
- 28 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas.
- 29 Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois.
- 30 National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- 31 Frisco, Colorado.
- 32 Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
- 33 Division Pain Medicine, Stanford Health Care, Redwood City, California.
- 34 SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.
- 35 Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
- 36 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
- 37 Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- 38 Integrative Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
- 39 University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
- 40 Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
- 41 American Chronic Pain Association, Rocklin, California.
- 42 Palliative & Supportive Care, Orlando Health UF Health Cancer Center, Orlando, Florida.
- 43 Flamingo Pain Specialists, PLLC, Las Vegas, Nevada.
- 44 International Pain Foundation.
- 45 Arizona Pain Society.
- 46 Program of Excellence in Addictions Research (Pain Self-Management/Opioid Use Disorder), Washington State University, Spokane, Washington.
- 47 College of Nursing, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington.
- 48 Palliative Care, University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, Iowa.
- 49 Hunter Integrated Pain Service, John Hunter Hospital Campus, Newcastle, Australia.
- 50 CPO Transformation, Anthem, Inc.
- 51 College of Dentistry.
- 52 Pain Research & Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
- 53 Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York.
- 54 Western New England University College of Pharmacy, Springfield, Massachusetts.
- 55 Advanced PACT Pain Clinic, Hampton VA Medical Center, Hampton, Virginia.
- 56 VA New England Mental Illness, West Haven, Connecticut.
- 57 Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia.
- 58 Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
- 59 Veteran of the United States Navy, Air Medical Physician's Association, Medical Missions Outreach.
- 60 Urban Recovery Center, Silver Hill Hospital, New Canaan, Connecticut.
- 61 Chronic Pain and Recovery Center, Silver Hill Hospital, New Canaan, Connecticut.
- 62 Critical Access Hospital Specialist in Hospice & Palliative Care, Cook Hospital & Care Center, Cook, Minnesota.
- 63 Arachnoiditis Research Team, Texas Women's University.
- 64 Health Policy & Management, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
- 65 Northern California Association of Pain Psychologists.
- 66 Door To Door Doctors, Milbridge, Maine.
- 67 Diplomat in Clinical Social Work, Portland, Oregon.
- 68 The Alliance for the Treatment for Intractable Pain.
- 69 Arizona Pain and Spine, Mesa, Arizona.
- 70 Central Pain Nerve Center.
- 71 Department of Physical Therapy, Academy of Geriatric Physical Therapy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine.
- 72 White River Heath Care, PC, Muncie, Indiana.
- 73 School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana.
- 74 AIPM.
- 75 NEIGlobal.
- 76 AAPS.
- 77 Yakima, Washington.
- 78 Mission Viejo, California.
- 79 Southern Behavioral Medicine Associates PLLC, Hattiesburg, Mississippi.
- 80 Institute of Clinical Excellence, STAND The Haiti Project, Portland, Oregon.
- 81 End of Life, Psychiatric and Mental Health Nurse, Long Term Care, Education, Alliance for the Treatment of Intractable Pain, Akron, Ohio.
- 82 Pain Out Loud, Austin, Texas.
- 83 #360DxTx.
- 84 TheButterflyProtocol.
- 85 CALHN Pain Management Unit, Woodville, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- 86 Faculty of Pain Medicine, ANZCA.
- 87 Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington.
- 88 Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
- 89 Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- 90 Gateway Psychiatric Group, St. Louis, Missouri.
- 91 The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama.
- 92 ATIP.
- 93 Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Boston Pain Care, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
- 94 AIHM, Private Medical Practice, Las Vegas, Nevada.
- 95 Nevada Docs Care LLC, Las Vegas, Nevada.
- 96 CAW360 Network.
- 97 Virginia Health Psychology.
- 98 Division of General Pediatrics, Grayken Center for Addiction, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
- 99 Pain Section, James A Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida.
- 100 Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.
- 101 Fort Myers, Florida.
- 102 Stanford Pain Management Center.
- 103 Christus St. Vincent, Acute Pain Service.
- 104 Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome Association.
- 105 Pro-Activity.
- 106 Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Palo Alto, California.
- 107 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
- 108 Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Palo Alto, California.
- 109 Clinical Department of Family & Community Medicine, UT Health, San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
- 110 Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, UT Health, San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
- 111 Mental Health- Private Practice, Alliance for the Treatment of Intractable Pain, Huntington, West Virginia.
- 112 Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, Iowa.
- 113 Anesthesiology & Pain Management, Interventional Pain Medicine, Cahaba Pain & Spine Care, Hoover, Alabama.
- 114 Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Australian Pain Society.
- 115 Massachusetts Pain Initiative Legislative Council Leadership Advisory Group, ABMS ABA Diplomat in Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Newton Center, Massachusetts.
- 116 Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- 117 Academy of Prevention & Health Promotion Therapies, Jersey LiveWell and Jersey Physical Therapy, Princeton, New Jersey.
- 118 Pain Research Forum, RELIEF, Scientific American, Claremont, California.
- 119 Arachnoiditis Research Group, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
- 120 Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
- PMID: 30496540
- PMCID: PMC6657573
- DOI: 10.1093/pm/pny228
Item in Clipboard
International Stakeholder Community of Pain Experts and Leaders Call for an Urgent Action on Forced Opioid Tapering
Beth D Darnall et al.
Pain Med.
.
Display options
Format
doi: 10.1093/pm/pny228.
Authors
Beth D Darnall
1
, David Juurlink
2
, Robert D Kerns
3
, Sean Mackey
4
, Brent Van Dorsten
5
, Keith Humphreys
6
, Julio A Gonzalez-Sotomayor
7
, Andrea Furlan
8
, Adam J Gordon
9
10
, Debra B Gordon
11
, Diane E Hoffman
12
, Joel Katz
13
, Stefan G Kertesz
14
, Sally Satel
15
16
, Richard A Lawhern
17
, Kate M Nicholson
18
, Rosemary C Polomano
19
20
, Owen D Williamson
21
, Heath McAnally
22
23
, Ming-Chih Kao
24
, Stephan Schug
25
26
, Robert Twillman
27
28
, Terri A Lewis
29
30
, Richard L Stieg
31
, Kate Lorig
32
, Theresa Mallick-Searle
33
, Robert W West
34
, Sarah Gray
35
36
37
38
, Steven R Ariens
39
, Jennifer Sharpe Potter
40
, Penney Cowan
41
, Chad D Kollas
42
, Danial Laird
43
, Barby Ingle
44
, J Julian Grove
45
, Marian Wilson
46
47
, Kashelle Lockman
48
, Fiona Hodson
49
, Carol S Palackdharry
50
, Roger B Fillingim
51
52
, Jeffrey Fudin
53
54
, Jennifer Barnhouse
18
, Ajay Manhapra
55
56
57
58
, Steven R Henson
59
, Bruce Singer
60
61
, Marie Ljosenvoor
62
, Marlisa Griffith
63
, Jason N Doctor
64
, Kimeron Hardin
65
, Cathleen London
66
, Jon Mankowski
67
, Andrea Anderson
68
, Linda Ellsworth
69
, Lisa Davis Budzinski
70
, Becky Brandt
70
, Greg Hartley
71
, Debbie Nickels Heck
72
73
74
75
76
, Mark J Zobrosky
18
, Celeste Cheek
77
, Megan Wilson
18
, Cynthia E Laux
78
, Geralyn Datz
79
, Justin Dunaway
80
, Eileen Schonfeld
81
, Melissa Cady
82
, Thérèse LeDantec-Boswell
83
84
, Meredith Craigie
85
86
, John Sturgeon
87
, Pamela Flood
88
, Melita Giummarra
89
, Jessica Whelan
90
, Beverly E Thorn
91
, Richard L Martin
92
, Michael E Schatman
93
, Maurice D Gregory
94
, Joshua Kirz
88
, Patti Robinson, James G Marx
95
, Jessica R Stewart
96
, Phillip S Keck
97
, Scott E Hadland
98
, Jennifer L Murphy
99
, Mark A Lumley
100
, Kathleen S Brown
101
, Michael S Leong
102
, Mechele Fillman
103
, James W Broatch
104
, Aaron Perez
105
, Kristine Watford
106
, Kari Kruska
107
, Dokyoung Sophia You
108
, Stacy Ogbeide
109
110
, Amy Kukucka
18
, Susan Lawson
111
, James B Ray
112
, T Wade Martin
113
, James B Lakehomer
27
, Anne Burke
114
, Robert I Cohen
115
, Peter Grinspoon
116
, Marc S Rubenstein
117
, Stephani Sutherland
118
, Kristie Walters
119
, Travis Lovejoy
120
Affiliations
- 1 Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (by courtesy), Palo Alto, California.
- 2 Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- 3 Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
- 4 Division of Pain Medicine, Stanford Systems Neuroscience and Pain Lab, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Neurosciences and Neurology (by courtesy), Palo Alto, California.
- 5 Colorado Center for Behavioral Medicine, Colorado Pain Society, Denver, Colorado.
- 6 Stanford University School of Medicine.
- 7 Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.
- 8 Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- 9 University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
- 10 Addiction Medicine, Salt Lake City VA Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah.
- 11 Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
- 12 Law & Health Care Program, University of Maryland Carey School of Law.
- 13 Psychology Department, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- 14 Birmingham VA Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Opioid Safety Initiative, Opiate Advice Team, Opioid Risk Mitigation Team, Birmingham, Alabama.
- 15 Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
- 16 American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC.
- 17 Alliance for the Treatment of Intractable Pain.
- 18 ADAadep, Boulder, Colorado.
- 19 University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- 20 University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- 21 Pain Medicine Physicians of British Columbia, Canada.
- 22 Northern Anesthesia & Pain Medicine, LLC, Eagle River, Alaska.
- 23 Alaska Society of Interventional Pain Physicians.
- 24 Pain Management Center, Stanford University.
- 25 University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
- 26 Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia.
- 27 Academy of Integrative Pain Management, Sonora, California.
- 28 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas.
- 29 Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois.
- 30 National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- 31 Frisco, Colorado.
- 32 Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
- 33 Division Pain Medicine, Stanford Health Care, Redwood City, California.
- 34 SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.
- 35 Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
- 36 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
- 37 Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- 38 Integrative Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
- 39 University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
- 40 Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
- 41 American Chronic Pain Association, Rocklin, California.
- 42 Palliative & Supportive Care, Orlando Health UF Health Cancer Center, Orlando, Florida.
- 43 Flamingo Pain Specialists, PLLC, Las Vegas, Nevada.
- 44 International Pain Foundation.
- 45 Arizona Pain Society.
- 46 Program of Excellence in Addictions Research (Pain Self-Management/Opioid Use Disorder), Washington State University, Spokane, Washington.
- 47 College of Nursing, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington.
- 48 Palliative Care, University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, Iowa.
- 49 Hunter Integrated Pain Service, John Hunter Hospital Campus, Newcastle, Australia.
- 50 CPO Transformation, Anthem, Inc.
- 51 College of Dentistry.
- 52 Pain Research & Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
- 53 Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York.
- 54 Western New England University College of Pharmacy, Springfield, Massachusetts.
- 55 Advanced PACT Pain Clinic, Hampton VA Medical Center, Hampton, Virginia.
- 56 VA New England Mental Illness, West Haven, Connecticut.
- 57 Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia.
- 58 Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
- 59 Veteran of the United States Navy, Air Medical Physician's Association, Medical Missions Outreach.
- 60 Urban Recovery Center, Silver Hill Hospital, New Canaan, Connecticut.
- 61 Chronic Pain and Recovery Center, Silver Hill Hospital, New Canaan, Connecticut.
- 62 Critical Access Hospital Specialist in Hospice & Palliative Care, Cook Hospital & Care Center, Cook, Minnesota.
- 63 Arachnoiditis Research Team, Texas Women's University.
- 64 Health Policy & Management, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
- 65 Northern California Association of Pain Psychologists.
- 66 Door To Door Doctors, Milbridge, Maine.
- 67 Diplomat in Clinical Social Work, Portland, Oregon.
- 68 The Alliance for the Treatment for Intractable Pain.
- 69 Arizona Pain and Spine, Mesa, Arizona.
- 70 Central Pain Nerve Center.
- 71 Department of Physical Therapy, Academy of Geriatric Physical Therapy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine.
- 72 White River Heath Care, PC, Muncie, Indiana.
- 73 School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana.
- 74 AIPM.
- 75 NEIGlobal.
- 76 AAPS.
- 77 Yakima, Washington.
- 78 Mission Viejo, California.
- 79 Southern Behavioral Medicine Associates PLLC, Hattiesburg, Mississippi.
- 80 Institute of Clinical Excellence, STAND The Haiti Project, Portland, Oregon.
- 81 End of Life, Psychiatric and Mental Health Nurse, Long Term Care, Education, Alliance for the Treatment of Intractable Pain, Akron, Ohio.
- 82 Pain Out Loud, Austin, Texas.
- 83 #360DxTx.
- 84 TheButterflyProtocol.
- 85 CALHN Pain Management Unit, Woodville, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
- 86 Faculty of Pain Medicine, ANZCA.
- 87 Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington.
- 88 Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
- 89 Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- 90 Gateway Psychiatric Group, St. Louis, Missouri.
- 91 The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama.
- 92 ATIP.
- 93 Department of Public Health & Community Medicine, Boston Pain Care, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
- 94 AIHM, Private Medical Practice, Las Vegas, Nevada.
- 95 Nevada Docs Care LLC, Las Vegas, Nevada.
- 96 CAW360 Network.
- 97 Virginia Health Psychology.
- 98 Division of General Pediatrics, Grayken Center for Addiction, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
- 99 Pain Section, James A Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida.
- 100 Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.
- 101 Fort Myers, Florida.
- 102 Stanford Pain Management Center.
- 103 Christus St. Vincent, Acute Pain Service.
- 104 Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome Association.
- 105 Pro-Activity.
- 106 Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Palo Alto, California.
- 107 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
- 108 Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Palo Alto, California.
- 109 Clinical Department of Family & Community Medicine, UT Health, San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
- 110 Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, UT Health, San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.
- 111 Mental Health- Private Practice, Alliance for the Treatment of Intractable Pain, Huntington, West Virginia.
- 112 Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, Iowa.
- 113 Anesthesiology & Pain Management, Interventional Pain Medicine, Cahaba Pain & Spine Care, Hoover, Alabama.
- 114 Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Australian Pain Society.
- 115 Massachusetts Pain Initiative Legislative Council Leadership Advisory Group, ABMS ABA Diplomat in Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Newton Center, Massachusetts.
- 116 Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- 117 Academy of Prevention & Health Promotion Therapies, Jersey LiveWell and Jersey Physical Therapy, Princeton, New Jersey.
- 118 Pain Research Forum, RELIEF, Scientific American, Claremont, California.
- 119 Arachnoiditis Research Group, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
- 120 Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
- PMID: 30496540
- PMCID: PMC6657573
- DOI: 10.1093/pm/pny228
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