Managing polycystic ovary syndrome in primary care

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) presents with a spectrum of conditions resulting from androgen excess, anovulation and metabolic syndrome. Patients with PCOS may see their primary care physicians for various presentations, including hirsutism, acne, menstrual irregularities, infertility, obesity, and psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression. Management of these patients should include screening for Type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. Treatment should be targeted to each patient's phenotype and personal expectations such as desire for pregnancy. Psychological well-being due to the effects on physical appearance is also an important consideration. Diet and exercise are major components in the management of patients with PCOS and obesity. The first-line therapy for fertility and metabolic syndrome in PCOS is lifestyle modification with diet and exercise, followed by pharmacological therapy.

Keywords: anovulation; hirsutism; hyperandrogenism; infertility; polycystic ovary syndrome.

Fig. 1

Flowchart shows the Rotterdam criteria for diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome.(4)

Box 1

Screening for medical conditions associated with polycystic ovary syndrome.