Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Editorial
. 2018 Sep;7(5):644-651.
doi: 10.21037/acs.2018.05.14.

After 50 years, a personal reflection on the development of internal thoracic artery (ITA) grafting

George E Green  1 , John D Puskas  2
Affiliations
Editorial

After 50 years, a personal reflection on the development of internal thoracic artery (ITA) grafting

George E Green et al. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 2018 Sep.

Abstract

It has been 50 years since the first publications of evidence that internal thoracic artery (ITA) grafts successfully bypassed obstructions of coronary arteries in dogs and in humans. The evidence consisted of in vivo measurements of blood flow through the grafts and selective angiograms of the grafts months following operation. It may be of interest to recount how that success came about.

Keywords: Multiple internal thoracic artery grafting (multiple ITA grafting); high magnification; surgical microscope.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Personal communication from Dr. Sterling Edwards to Dr. George Green, 1968.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Vineberg AM. The development of an anastomosis between the coronary vessels and a transplanted internal mammary artery. Can Med Assoc J 1946;55:117-9. - PubMed
    1. Vineberg A. Coronary vascular anastomoses by internal mammary artery implantation. Can Med Assoc J 1958;78:871-9. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sones FM, Jr, Shirey EK. Cine coronary arteriography. Mod Concepts Cardiovasc Dis 1962;31:735-8. - PubMed
    1. Green GE, Singh RN, Sosa JA. Surgical Revascularization of the heart: the internal thoracic arteries. New York: Igaku-Shoin, 1991:12.
    1. Effler DB, Sones FM, Groves LK, et al. Myocardial revascularization by Vineberg’s internal mammary artery implant: evaluation of postoperative results: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1965;50:527-33. - PubMed

Publication types