Obesity in COPD: Comorbidities with Practical Consequences?

Abstract

COPD and obesity often coexist and there is a complex interaction between them. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of obesity in a secondary care COPD population. Furthermore, the presence of comorbidities in obese (COPD_OB) and non-obese COPD (COPD_NO) individuals was studied. In 1654 COPD patients (aged ≥18 years) who visited a pulmonologist between January 2015 and December 2015, patient characteristics, pulmonary function tests and comorbidities were obtained from the medical records. Subjects were categorized according their BMI as underweight (<18.5 kg/m²), normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m²), overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m²) or obese (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m²). The Charlson comorbidity index and COTE index were used to quantify comorbidities. The prevalence of obesity was 21.8% in our COPD population. Obesity was significantly less common in GOLD stage IV (10.1%) compared to GOLD I (20.5%), II (27.8%) and III (18.9%). COPD_OB had different comorbidities compared with COPD_NO. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure were significantly more prevalent in COPD_OB compared with COPD_NO. Osteoporosis and lung cancer were significantly more common in COPD_NO compared with COPD_OB. Obesity is common in patients with COPD and is most prevalent in COPD GOLD I-II and least prevalent in COPD GOLD IV. Obese COPD patients have different comorbidities than non-obese COPD patients. Cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities, especially hypertension and diabetes mellitus, are highly prevalent in obese COPD patients. Active screening for these conditions should be a priority for physicians treating obese COPD patients.

Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; obesity; prevalence.