Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2018 Dec 3;11(12):2448.
doi: 10.3390/ma11122448.

Transparent Metasurface for Generating Microwave Vortex Beams with Cross-Polarization Conversion

Hongyu Shi  1 , Luyi Wang  2 , Mengran Zhao  3 , Juan Chen  4 , Anxue Zhang  5 , Zhuo Xu  6
Affiliations

Transparent Metasurface for Generating Microwave Vortex Beams with Cross-Polarization Conversion

Hongyu Shi et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

In this paper, metasurfaces with both cross-polarization conversion and vortex beam-generating are proposed. The proposed finite metasurface designs are able to change the polarization of incident electromagnetic (EM) waves to its cross-polarization. In addition, they also can modulate the incidences into beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) with different orders ( l = + 1 , l = + 2 , l = - 1 and l = - 2 ) by applying corresponding transmission phase distribution schemes on the metasurface aperture. The generated vortex beams are at 5.14 GHz. The transmission loss is lower than 0.5 dB while the co-polarization level is -10 dB compared to the cross-polarization level. The measurement results confirmed the simulation results and verified the properties of the proposed designs.

Keywords: orbital angular momentum; polarization conversion; vortex beam.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart illustrating the main goal and the adopted methodology of this paper.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Geometry of the unit cell: (a) Top layer. (b) First ground layer. (c) Middle layer. (d) Second ground layer. (e) Bottom layer. (f) Side view.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The simulated distributions of the electric field component perpendicular to the unit cell (i.e., Ez): (a) Top layer. (b) Bottom layer.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The simulated transmittance of the unit cell with different stripline lengths S (as in Figure 2c): (a) Amplitude. (b) Phase.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The front view of the transmission phase distribution schemes at 5.14 GHz for generating beams carrying OAM of different orders: (a) l=+1. (b) l=+2.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The simulation model of the proposed metasurface: (a) Front view. (b) Back view.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Simulated cross-polarized electric field distributions of the transmitted OAM carrying beams at a transverse plane 250 mm away from the metasurface: (a) Amplitude and (b) phase distributions for OAM order of l=+1. (c) Amplitude and (d) phase distributions for OAM order of l=+2. (e) Amplitude and (f) phase distributions for OAM order of l=−1. (g) Amplitude and (h) phase distributions for OAM order of l=−2.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Photos of the fabricated metasurface: (a) Front view. (b) Back view.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Schema depicting the measurement devices and settings.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Measured cross-polarized electric field distributions of the transmitted OAM carrying beams at a transverse plane 250 mm away from the metasurface: (a) Amplitude and (b) phase distributions for OAM order of l=+1. (c) Amplitude and (d) phase distributions for OAM order of l=+2. (e) Amplitude and (f) phase distributions for OAM order of l=−1. (g) Amplitude and (h) phase distributions for OAM order of l=−2.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Simulated co-polarized electric fields amplitude distributions for different OAM orders: (a) l=+1. (b) l=+2. (c) l=−1. (d) l=−2. Measured co-polarized electric fields amplitude distributions for different OAM orders: (e) l=+1. (f) l=+2. (g) l=−1. (h) l=−2.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Yan Y., Xie G.D., Lavery M.P.J., Huang H., Ahmed N., Bao C.J., Ren Y.X., Cao Y.W., Li L., Zhao Z., et al. High-capacity millimetre-wave communications with orbital angular momentum multiplexing. Nat. Commun. 2014;5:4876. doi: 10.1038/ncomms5876. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Hui X.N., Zheng S.L., Chen Y.L., Hu Y.P., Jin X.F., Chi H., Zhang X.M. Multiplexed Millimeter Wave Communication with Dual Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) Mode Antennas. Sci. Rep. 2015;5:10148. doi: 10.1038/srep10148. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Mahmouli F.E., Walker S.D. 4-Gbps Uncompressed Video Transmission over a 60-GHz Orbital Angular Momentum Wireless Channel. IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett. 2013;2:223–226. doi: 10.1109/WCL.2013.012513.120686. - DOI
    1. Liu K., Cheng Y.Q., Yang Z.C., Wang H.Q., Qin Y.L., Li X. Orbital-Angular-Momentum-Based Electromagnetic Vortex Imaging. IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 2015;14:711–714. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2014.2376970. - DOI
    1. Liu K., Cheng Y.Q., Gao Y., Li X., Qin Y.L., Wang H.Q. Super-resolution Radar Imaging Based on Experimental OAM Beams. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2017;116:164102. doi: 10.1063/1.4981253. - DOI

LinkOut - more resources