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. 2018 Sep-Oct;44(5):354-360.
doi: 10.1590/S1806-37562017000000235.

Asthma mortality in Brazil, 1980-2012: a regional perspective

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Thaís de Sá Brito  1 , Ronir Raggio Luiz  2 , José Roberto Lapa E Silva  3 , Hisbello da Silva Campos  4
Affiliations

Asthma mortality in Brazil, 1980-2012: a regional perspective

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Thaís de Sá Brito et al. J Bras Pneumol. 2018 Sep-Oct.

Abstract
in English, Portuguese

Objective: To estimate asthma mortality rates in Brazil for the period 1980-2012.

Methods: On the basis of data from the Brazilian National Ministry of Health Mortality Database, we estimated mortality rates by calculating moving averages from a municipal perspective that would allow an evaluation differentiating between urban, rural, and intermediate (rurban) Brazil during the period 2002-2012. Trends were assessed using simple linear regression.

Results: On average, 2,339 asthma-related deaths were reported per year during the study period. Asthma ranged from the 53rd to 95th leading cause of death. There was a decrease in asthma mortality rates in the country, from 1.92/100,000 population in 1980 to 1.21/100,000 population in 2012. From the municipal perspective, rates fell in urban and rurban Brazil, but increased in rural Brazil, except in the 5-34-year age group. Asthma mortality rates fell in the population under 25 years of age and increased among those over 74 years of age. Rates were always higher in females.

Conclusions: Asthma mortality rates in Brazil have been decreasing slightly, with the decrease being more marked in the decade 2002-2012. Only the northeastern region of Brazil showed the opposite trend. Asthma mortality rates in urban and rurban Brazil showed a downward trend similar to that of the national scenario, whereas rural Brazil showed the opposite behavior. Analysis by age group showed that rates decreased among younger individuals and increased among the elderly aged ≥ 75 years.

Objetivo:: Estimar as taxas de mortalidade por asma no Brasil no período de 1980-2012.

Métodos:: A partir dos dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade do Ministério da Saúde, as taxas de mortalidade foram estimadas pelo cálculo de médias móveis numa perspectiva municipal que permitisse a avaliação diferenciada entre Brasil urbano, rural e intermediário (rurbano) no período de 2002-2012. As tendências foram avaliadas através de regressão linear simples.

Resultados:: Em média, foram notificadas 2.339 mortes anuais por asma no período estudado. A asma variou entre 53ª e 95ª causa de óbito. Houve decréscimo das taxas de mortalidade no país: 1,92/100.000 habitantes em 1980 e 1,21/100.000 habitantes em 2012. Na perspectiva municipal, as taxas caíram no Brasil urbano e rurbano, mas aumentaram no Brasil rural, exceto na faixa etária de 5-34 anos. As taxas de mortalidade caíram na população com até 24 anos e aumentaram entre os maiores de 74 anos. O coeficiente de mortalidade foi sempre superior no sexo feminino.

Conclusões:: As taxas de mortalidade por asma estão diminuindo no Brasil de modo discreto, sendo mais marcante na década 2002-2012. Apenas a região Nordeste teve tendência oposta. As taxas de mortalidade no Brasil urbano e rurbano tiveram comportamento de queda semelhante ao do cenário nacional, enquanto o Brasil rural teve comportamento oposto. Quando consideradas as faixas etárias, as taxas diminuíram entre os mais jovens e aumentaram entre idosos ≥ 75 anos.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Asthma mortality rates (per 100,000 population) in Brazil; 1980-2012. p.a.: per year.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Asthma mortality rates (per 100,000 population) by gender in Brazil; 1980-2012. p.a.: per year.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Proportional distribution of asthma-related deaths by age group in Brazil; 1980-2012.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Trends in asthma mortality rates by Brazilian macro-region; 1980-2012. LR: linear regression; and p.a.: per year.
Figure 5
Figure 5. Temporal evolution of asthma mortality rates in municipalities within and outside metropolitan areas in Brazil; 2002-2012. p.a: per year; and MA: metropolitan areas.
Figure 6
Figure 6. Moving averages of asthma mortality rates (per 100,000 population) in large, medium, and small municipalities, by whether municipalities are within or outside metropolitan areas. General population, Brazil, 2003-2011. p.a: per year; and MA: metropolitan areas.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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