Obstetric violence in the daily routine of care and its characteristics

Abstract

Objective: to analyze the scientific production on obstetric violence by identifying and discussing its main characteristics in the routine care for the pregnant-puerperal cycle.

Method: integrative literature review of 24 publications indexed in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, SciVerse Scopus, Web of Science and the Scientific Electronic Library Online and Virtual Health Library.

Results: the publications are intensified from 2015 onwards and present methodological designs of quantitative and qualitative nature. In the discussion, we first address the concept of obstetric violence and its different forms of occurrence in care. Then, interfaces of the phenomenon are presented with reflections related to the conception of gender, the different actors involved, the institutionalization, and the invisibility and trivialization of the event. Finally, strategies to combat the problem are presented through academic training, women's awareness, proposals of social mobilization, and creation of public policies and laws.

Conclusion: obstetric violence portrays a violation of human rights and a serious public health problem and is revealed in the form of negligent, reckless, omissive, discriminatory and disrespectful acts practiced by health professionals and legitimized by the symbolic relations of power that naturalize and trivialize their occurrence.

Figure 1. Identification, selection and inclusion of publications to compose the integrative review.

Figure 2. Summary of publications used in this review

Figure 3. Synthesis of results found in the articles analyzed

Figure 4. Typology and exemplification of Obstetric Violence based on the analysis of the articles included in the integrative review ^{, , , - , , - , , - , ,}

Figure 5. Results of the surveys included in the review, which aimed to quantify the different forms of Obstetric Violence ^{- , - , ,}