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. 2018 Nov 22;4(11):e00954.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00954. eCollection 2018 Nov.

Isolation of halophilic bacteria associated with saline and alkaline-sodic soils by culture dependent approach

Mariana Delgado-García  1 , Silvia Maribel Contreras-Ramos  1 , Jorge Alberto Rodríguez  1 , Juan Carlos Mateos-Díaz  1 , Cristóbal Noé Aguilar  2 , Rosa María Camacho-Ruíz  1
Affiliations

Isolation of halophilic bacteria associated with saline and alkaline-sodic soils by culture dependent approach

Mariana Delgado-García et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Cultivable halophilic microorganisms were isolated and identified from saline and alkaline-sodic soils: Cuatro Cienegas, Sayula and San Marcos lakes. Physicochemical characteristics of soils were determined to understand the relationship between those and the microorganisms isolated. The Cuatro Cienegas soils had a neutral pH, EC of 2.3-8 dS cm-1, classified as moderately saline. Whereas, the soils from Sayula and San Marcos lakes, had an alkaline pH, EC 15 to 65 dS m-1, typical of saline-sodic. We identified 23 cultivable halophilic bacteria using 16s rDNA, being Halobacillus sp., Marinococcus sp., and Alkalibacillus sp. the predominant genus by culture dependent approach. We found a correlation between the soils anion and cation content with the occurrence of different genus of halophilic bacteria in each studied site. Alkalibacillus sp. was predominant in Sayula and San Marcos lakes and was related to the high Na+ content; while Bacillus sp. and Halobacillus sp. were predominant in Cuatro Cienegas, their occurrence was related to a high content of Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO4 2-.

Keywords: Biogeoscience; Biotechnology; Ecology; Geochemistry; Microbiology.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Geographical location of study areas. A: Location of the three sampled sites (blue zone), B: Cuatro Cienegas Valley, Coahuila. C: San Marcos Lake, Jalisco. D: Sayula Lake, Jalisco. E: “Pozas Azules”. F: Gypsum dunes, sampled site polygon. G: San Marcos Lake sampled site polygon. H: Sayula Lake sampled site polygon area.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Principal component analysis (PCA) of presence of microorganisms genus according to cation and anion content in the soils sampled.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Dendrogram showing the relationships of halophilic microorganisms isolated from three saline Mexican soils constructed using maximum likelihood method. The rooted phylogenetic tree was inferred using the maximum likelihood method based on the Kimura-2 model, bootstrap confidence values (%) based on 1000 replications. A discrete gamma distribution was used to model evolutionary rate differences among sites and the rate variation model allowed for some sites to be evolutionary invariable. The lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site (0.10). Ferroplasma thermophilum strain L1 (NR 115944.1) was using as outgroup. Monophyletic clades are grouped according to the genus. The accession number of the bacteria isolated are indicated with parenthesis.
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