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Review
. 2019 Jun;28(6):662-670.
doi: 10.1177/0963689718816990. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

Potential of Exosomes for the Treatment of Stroke

Shi-Bin Hong  1   2 , Hua Yang  3   2 , Anatol Manaenko  4 , Jianfei Lu  1 , Qiyong Mei  5 , Qin Hu  1
Affiliations
Review

Potential of Exosomes for the Treatment of Stroke

Shi-Bin Hong et al. Cell Transplant. 2019 Jun.

Abstract

Stroke is the result of blockage or rupture of blood vessels in the brain and is the leading cause of death and disability in the world. Currently only a very limited number of therapeutic approaches are available for treatment of stroke patients, and the vast majority of neuroprotective agents that tested positively in pre-clinical studies failed in clinical trials. In recent years, the clinical value of the use of exosomes for stroke treatment has received widespread attention due their unique characteristics such as low immunogenicity, low toxicity and biodegradability, ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and their important role in communication between cells. More and more evidence suggests that the secretion of exosomes is the mechanism underlying the protection induced by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) after stroke. Exosomes are thought to support brain restoration and induce repairing effects, including neurovascular remodeling, and anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammatory effects. Recent reports have focused on the clinical application of exosomes as a potential drug delivery approach. This review focuses on the ability of exosomes to interrupt the stroke-induced pathologic processes of stroke, and on publications describing how to achieve more effective treatment of stroke with exosomes.

Keywords: exosome; microRNA; stroke.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
The biological characteristics of the exosome. (a) According to their approximate diameter, EVs can be divided into three types: exosomes for 35–150 nm, microvesicles for 50–1000 nm, and apoptotic body, which are greater than 1000 nm. Exosomes can be separated exosomal subpopulations as exomere, Exo-L, and Exo-S. (b) Exosomes are small vesicles which contain cargos (DNA, RNA, and protein) surrounded by phospholipid bilayers. Some proteins that are abundant in nanoparticles can be exosome markers, such as tetraspanins (CD9, CD63, and CD81), MVB-related ESCRT proteins (Alix, TSG101) and heat shock proteins (HSP60, HSP70, HSPA5, CCT2, and HSP90),.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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