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. 2019 Mar;66(2):865-872.
doi: 10.1111/tbed.13095. Epub 2018 Dec 28.

Molecular characterization of Peste des petits ruminants viruses in the Marmara Region of Turkey

Eda Altan  1   2   3 , Satya Parida  4 , Mana Mahapatra  4 , Nuri Turan  1 , Huseyin Yilmaz  1
Affiliations

Molecular characterization of Peste des petits ruminants viruses in the Marmara Region of Turkey

Eda Altan et al. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2019 Mar.

Abstract

Recent outbreaks of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in the Marmara region of Turkey including the European part of Thrace is important due to its proximity to Europe (Greece and Bulgaria) and the potential threat of spread of PPR into mainland Europe. In order to investigate the circulation of PPRV in the region suspect clinical and necropsy samples were collected from domestic sheep (n = 211) in the Marmara region of Turkey between 2011 and 2012. PPR virus (PPRV) genome was detected in 10.4% (22 out of 211) of sheep samples by real-time RT-PCR, and PPR virus was isolated from lungs of two sheep that died from infection. Of the 22 positive samples nine were used for partial N-gene amplification and sequencing. The phylogenetic analyses indicated that the virus belongs to lineage IV, the same lineage that is circulating in eastern and central part of Turkey since its first official report in 1999. In addition, samples from 100 cattle were collected to investigate potential subclinical circulation of PPRV. However all were found to be negative by real-time RT-PCR, and also in serological tests indicating the large ruminants were likely not exposed or infected with the virus. The impact of these findings on the potential threat of spread of PPR to Europe including the first PPR outbreak in Europe in Bulgaria on 23rd June 2018 is discussed.

Keywords: PPR; PPR in the Marmara region of Turkey and Bulgaria; cattle; phylogenetic analysis; real-time RT-PCR; sero-prevalence; sheep.

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Conflict of interest statement

Authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) PPR outbreaks reported in different regions of Turkey from 1999 to 2018 (2018: January to June). All data were taken from OIE official web site (http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Diseaseinformation/statusdetail). (b) PPR outbreaks reported in different provinces in the Thrace region and rest of Marmara of Turkey from 2000 to 2018 (2018: January to June). All data were taken from OIE official web site (http://www.oie.int/wahis_2/public/wahid.php/Diseaseinformation/statusdetail) [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]
Figure 2
Figure 2
Districts of Marmara region of Turkey from where samples were collected in this study [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]
Figure 3
Figure 3
Neighbor‐joining tree constructed on the basis of partial N‐gene sequences of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), showing relationships among the PPRV isolates from Turkey. The Kimura 2‐parameter model was used to calculate percentages (indicated by numbers beside branches) of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in 1,000 bootstrap replicates. The sequences generated in this study are indicated by an asterisk at the begining of the taxon name. Scale bar indicates nucleotide substitutions per site
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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