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. 2018 Dec 3;35(6):1324-1330.
doi: 10.20960/nh.1878.

[Analysis of three methods of nutritional screening in oncologic patients]

[Article in Spanish]
Eduardo Sánchez Sánchez  1 , Inmaculada López-Aliaga, María José Muñoz Alférez
Affiliations
Free article

[Analysis of three methods of nutritional screening in oncologic patients]

[Article in Spanish]
Eduardo Sánchez Sánchez et al. Nutr Hosp. .
Free article

Abstract
in English, Spanish

Background: malnutrition is one of the complications that appears most frequently in oncological patients and causes serious consequences such as loss of lean mass.

Objective: to know which nutritional screening method is most useful in predicting the loss of lean mass in cancer patients.

Methods: a descriptive study was carried out evaluating three methods of nutritional screening, Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), Malnutrition Universal Screening (MUST) and Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS-2002), in oncological patients undergoing radiotherapy treatment. Each method was analyzed by ROC curves with AUC calculation.

Results: loss of lean mass is present in 48.73% of the patients. Of them, 29.44% present a loss of lean mass between 0-2%; 10.66% of patients, between 2-5%; and 8.13% of patients present a loss of lean mass > 5%. The results show that when taking a loss of lean mass > 5% as a cut-off point, the MST method has a higher AUC than the one presented by the MUST and the NRS-2002 (0.596, CI: 0.444-0.747), with significant statistics (p = 0.041). In addition, it presents high sensitivity and positive and negative predictive value.

Conclusions: MST is a more valid nutritional screening method than MUST and NRS-2002 to predict the loss of lean mass > 5% in oncological patients undergoing radiotherapy treatment. Its routine use is recommended in patients under radiotherapy treatment.

INTRODUCCIÓN: la desnutrición es una de las complicaciones que aparecen con mayor frecuencia en el paciente oncológico y provoca graves consecuencias como la pérdida de masa magra. OBJETIVO: conocer qué método de cribado nutricional es más útil en la predicción de la pérdida de masa magra en pacientes oncológicos. MÉTODOS: se ha realizado un estudio descriptivo prospectivo en el que se evalúan el método de cribado nutricional Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), el Malnutrition Universal Screening (MUST) y el Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS-2002) en pacientes oncológicos sometidos a tratamiento de radioterapia. Se analizó cada método mediante curvas ROC con cálculo AUC. RESULTADOS: el 48,73% de los pacientes presentan pérdida de masa magra. De ellos, el 29,44% presenta una pérdida de masa magra entre 0-2%; el 10,66%, entre el 2-5%; y el 8,13% presenta una pérdida de masa magra > 5%. Los resultados muestran que cuando se toma como punto de corte la pérdida de masa magra > 5%, el método MST presenta un AUC superior al presentado por el MUST y el NRS-2002 (0,596; IC: 0,444-0,747) y con significación estadística (p = 0,041). Además, presenta una alta sensibilidad y valor predictivo positivo y negativo. CONCLUSIONES: el MST es un método de cribado nutricional más válido que el MUST y el NRS-2002 para predecir la pérdida de masa magra > 5% en pacientes oncológicos sometidos a tratamiento radioterápico. Se recomienda su uso rutinario en todos los pacientes que acuden a tratamiento de radioterapia.

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