A Fatal Case of Acute Renal Failure From Envenoming Syndrome After Massive Bee Attack: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

Envenoming syndrome is a systemic toxic reaction to the inoculation of large volume of insect venom, typically after a swarm attack from bees. Africanized honey bees are notorious for their aggressive nature, and human deaths resulting from Africanized honey bee attacks are consistently reported. Whereas anaphylaxis is the most common lethal mechanism of injury, delayed deaths can also occur as a consequence of severe venom toxicity with resultant end organ damage. Acute renal failure complicating massive envenomation is a rare but potentially fatal outcome after Africanized honey bee attack and may be heralded by laboratory evidence of rhabdomyolysis.