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Review
. 2018 Dec 5:7:30.
doi: 10.1186/s40164-018-0122-9. eCollection 2018.

Organoid technology in disease modelling, drug development, personalized treatment and regeneration medicine

Hanxiao Xu  1 , Ying Jiao  1 , Shuang Qin  1 , Weiheng Zhao  1 , Qian Chu  1 , Kongming Wu  1
Affiliations
Review

Organoid technology in disease modelling, drug development, personalized treatment and regeneration medicine

Hanxiao Xu et al. Exp Hematol Oncol. .

Abstract

Organoid technology bridges the gap between conventional two-dimensional cell line culture and in vivo models. The near-physiological technology can virtually recapitulates organ development and human diseases, such as infectious diseases, genetic abnormality and even cancers. In addition, organoids can more accurately predict drug responses, and serve as an excellent platform for drug development, including efficacy evaluation, toxicity testing and pharmacokinetics analysis. Furthermore, organoids can also be exploited to explore the possible optimized treatment strategies for each individual patient. Besides, organoid technology is a promising strategy for regeneration medicine and transplantation use, which can overcome the deficiency in the supply of healthy donor tissues and inherent immunological rejection through establishing isogenic organoids from minuscule amounts of patient biopsies. Collectively, organoids hold enormous potential for clinical applications and bring basic research closer to clinical practice. In this review, we described common organoid lines, summarized the potential clinical applications, and outlined the current limitations.

Keywords: Cancer; Development; Drug development; Genetic diseases; Infectious diseases; Organoids; Precision medicine; Regeneration medicine.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The establishment of organoids. Organoids can be developed from ESCs, iPSCs, adult stem cells and cancer cells in specific 3D culture medium. ESCs embryonic stem cells, iPSCs induced pluripotent stem cells, 3D three-dimensional
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The potential applications of organoids. Organoids can be exploited to model organ development (a) and human diseases (b), including infectious diseases, genetic diseases and cancers. c Organoids can also facilitate drug development through testing drug efficacy and toxicity. d Regeneration medicine is another potential application of organoids by replacing non-functional organs with healthy organoids
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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