Bioactive Compounds and Volatile Profiles of Five Transylvanian Wild Edible Mushrooms

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the chemical composition, fatty acids, volatile profile and phenolic compounds profiles from five wild edible mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Cantharellus cibarius, Boletus edulis, Lactarius piperatus) from Romania. The results indicated that the dried fruiting bodies of selected mushrooms were rich in proteins (36.24 g/100 g dw-Boletus edulis) and carbohydrates (62.45 g/100 g dw-Lactarius piperatus). 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid and cinnamic acid, were the main phenolic compound present in all selected species. Additionally, the fatty acid pattern included polyunsaturated acids in more than 60% of all fatty acids followed by monounsaturated fatty acids (30%). For the studied mushroom samples, the main volatile compounds identified by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were hexanal, benzaldehyde and dodecanoic acid. According to the obtained results, the fruiting bodies of selected Romanian mushrooms are a rich source of bioactive molecules indicating that they may be further exploited as functional ingredients in the composition of innovative food products.

Keywords: chemical compounds; fatty acid; mushrooms; phenolic compounds; volatile profile.

Figure 1

GC-MS chromatogram and retention time of fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs) in the TLs of dried mushroom sample: (a) A. bisporus; (b) B. edulis. The numbering of the peaks refers to Table 2.

Figure 1

GC-MS chromatogram and retention time of fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs) in the TLs of dried mushroom sample: (a) A. bisporus; (b) B. edulis. The numbering of the peaks refers to Table 2.

Figure 2

HPLC chromatograms of mushrooms extracts recorded at 280 nm: (a) Pleurotus ostreatus, (b) Agaricus bisporus, (c) Cantharellus cibarius, (d) Boletus edulis, (e) Lactarius piperatus. The numbering of the peaks refers to Table 4.