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Review
. 2018 Dec 11;15(12):2825.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph15122825.

Heavy Metal and Metalloid Pollution of Soil, Water and Foods in Bangladesh: A Critical Review

M Mominul Islam  1   2 , Md Rezaul Karim  3 , Xin Zheng  4 , Xiaofang Li  5   6
Affiliations
Review

Heavy Metal and Metalloid Pollution of Soil, Water and Foods in Bangladesh: A Critical Review

M Mominul Islam et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Abstract

Bangladesh is a densely populated developing country. Both industrialization and geological sources have caused widespread heavy metal and metalloid pollution in Bangladesh, which is now posing substantial threats to the local people. In this review, we carried out one of the most exhaustive literature analyses on the current status of Bangladesh heavy metal and metalloid pollution, covering water, soil, and foods. Analysis showed that soils near high traffic and industrial areas contain high concentrations of heavy metals and metalloids. Agricultural land and vegetables in sewage-irrigated areas were also found to be heavy metal- and metalloid-contaminated. River water, sediment, and fish from the Buriganga, Turag, Shitalakhya, and Karnaphuli rivers are highly contaminated with cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr). Particularly, groundwater arsenic (As) pollution associated with high geological background levels in Bangladesh is well reported and is hitherto the largest mass poisoning in the world. Overall, the contamination levels of heavy metals and metalloids vary among the cities, with industrial areas being most polluted. In all, this review provides a quantitative identification of the As, Pb, Cd, and Cr contamination hotspots in Bangladesh based on the literature, which may be useful to environmental restorationists and local policy makers.

Keywords: food; heavy metals; industrialization; metalloids; pollution; toxicity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Major pathways of heavy metal and metalloid dispersion and human exposure in Bangladesh.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Pb, Cd, and Cr pollution hotspots in Bangladesh. Hot spots of heavy metal pollution were in red. As is not considered here.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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