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. 2018 Dec 14;13(12):e0209348.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209348. eCollection 2018.

Validity and measurement invariance of the Unified Multidimensional Calling Scale (UMCS): A three-wave survey study

Michelangelo Vianello  1 , Anna Dalla Rosa  1 , Pasquale Anselmi  1 , Elisa Maria Galliani  2
Affiliations

Validity and measurement invariance of the Unified Multidimensional Calling Scale (UMCS): A three-wave survey study

Michelangelo Vianello et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

The accumulation of scientific knowledge on calling is limited by the absence of a common theoretical and measurement framework. Many different models of calling have been proposed, and we do not know how much research results that refer to a specific model are generalizable to different theoretical accounts of calling. In this article, we investigate whether two leading models of calling tackle the same construct. The two models were merged into a comprehensive framework that measures calling across seven facets: Passion, Purposefulness, Sacrifice, Pervasiveness, Prosocial Orientation, Transcendent Summons, and Identity. We then developed the Unified Multidimensional Calling Scale (UMCS) drawing from previous published items. Across two surveys involving college students (N = 5886) and adult employees (N = 205) the UMCS was proved to be valid and reliable. We also observed that the UMCS is invariant across time and calling domains. Finally, we found that facets of calling have very different relationships with outcomes and concurrent measures, suggesting that results obtained with a smaller set of facets are not generalizable to the higher-order construct of calling or to a different model that does not share the same facets.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Model 2: The best fitting second order factor model for students.
(χ2(201) = 1274.24, CFI = .955, RMSEA = .056, 95% CI [.053 - .059], SRMR = .039). Loadings in parentheses are estimated on a sample of working adults.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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