Perspectives on ethnic and racial disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: Update and areas of immediate need

Ganesh M Babulal¹, Yakeel T Quiroz², Benedict C Albensi³, Eider Arenaza-Urquijo⁴, Arlene J Astell⁵, Claudio Babiloni⁶, Alex Bahar-Fuchs⁷, Joanne Bell⁸, Gene L Bowman⁹, Adam M Brickman¹⁰, Gaël Chételat¹¹, Carrie Ciro¹², Ann D Cohen¹³, Peggye Dilworth-Anderson¹⁴, Hiroko H Dodge¹⁵, Simone Dreux¹⁶, Steven Edland¹⁷, Anna Esbensen¹⁸, Lisbeth Evered¹⁹, Michael Ewers²⁰, Keith N Fargo²¹, Juan Fortea²², Hector Gonzalez²³, Deborah R Gustafson²⁴, Elizabeth Head²⁵, James A Hendrix²¹, Scott M Hofer²⁶, Leigh A Johnson²⁷, Roos Jutten²⁸, Kerry Kilborn²⁹, Krista L Lanctôt³⁰, Jennifer J Manly¹⁰, Ralph N Martins³¹, Michelle M Mielke³², Martha Clare Morris³³, Melissa E Murray³⁴, Esther S Oh³⁵, Mario A Parra³⁶, Robert A Rissman³⁷, Catherine M Roe¹, Octavio A Santos³⁸, Nikolaos Scarmeas³⁹, Lon S Schneider⁴⁰, Nicole Schupf⁴¹, Sietske Sikkes⁴², Heather M Snyder²¹, Hamid R Sohrabi³¹, Yaakov Stern⁴³, Andre Strydom⁴⁴, Yi Tang⁴⁵, Graciela Muniz Terrera⁴⁶, Charlotte Teunissen⁴⁷, Debora Melo van Lent⁴⁸, Michael Weinborn³¹, Linda Wesselman⁴⁹, Donna M Wilcock⁴⁷, Henrik Zetterberg⁵⁰, Sid E O'Bryant⁵¹; International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, Alzheimer's Association

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurology and Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
² Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
³ Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
⁴ Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
⁵ Department of Occupational Sciences & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, CA; School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, UK.
⁶ Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Hospital San Raffaele Pisana of Rome and Cassino, Rome and Cassino, Italy.
⁷ Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, the University of Melbourne, Australia.
⁸ Syneos Health, Wilmington, NC, USA.
⁹ Nutrition and Brain Health Laboratory, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Layton Aging & Alzheimer's Disease Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
¹⁰ Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
¹¹ Inserm, Inserm UMR-S U1237, Université de Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.
¹² Department of Occupational Therapy Education, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
¹³ Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
¹⁴ Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
¹⁵ Department of Neurology, Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
¹⁶ Undergraduate Program of History and Science, Harvard College, Cambridge, MA, USA.
¹⁷ Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
¹⁸ Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine & Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
¹⁹ Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Australia.
²⁰ Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.
²¹ Medical & Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA.
²² Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana de Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain.
²³ Department of Neurosciences and Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of San Diego, CA, USA.
²⁴ Department of Neurology, Section for NeuroEpidemiology, State University of New York - Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
²⁵ Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
²⁶ Adult Development and Aging, University of Victoria, British Columbia, CA, USA.
²⁷ Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
²⁸ VU University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
²⁹ Department of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
³⁰ Sunnybrook Research Institute of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
³¹ Aging and Alzheimer's Disease, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.
³² Department of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
³³ Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA.
³⁴ Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
³⁵ Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
³⁶ School of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Heriot-Watt University, UK; Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia; Neuroprogressive and Dementia Network, UK.
³⁷ Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, CA, USA.
³⁸ Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
³⁹ Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Aiginition Hospital, 1st Neurology Clinic, Department of Social Medicine, Psychiatry and Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
⁴⁰ Department of Psychiatry and The Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, CA, USA.
⁴¹ Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
⁴² Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA, USA.
⁴³ Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
⁴⁴ Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
⁴⁵ Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
⁴⁶ Centers for Clinical Brain Sciences and Dementia Prevention, University in Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
⁴⁷ Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
⁴⁸ Department of Clinical Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
⁴⁹ Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
⁵⁰ UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
⁵¹ Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA. Electronic address: sid.obryant@unthsc.edu.

PMID: 30555031
PMCID: PMC6368893
DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.09.009

Perspectives on ethnic and racial disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: Update and areas of immediate need

Ganesh M Babulal et al. Alzheimers Dement. 2019 Feb.

. 2019 Feb;15(2):292-312.

doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.09.009. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurology and Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
² Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
³ Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
⁴ Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
⁵ Department of Occupational Sciences & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, CA; School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, UK.
⁶ Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Hospital San Raffaele Pisana of Rome and Cassino, Rome and Cassino, Italy.
⁷ Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, the University of Melbourne, Australia.
⁸ Syneos Health, Wilmington, NC, USA.
⁹ Nutrition and Brain Health Laboratory, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Layton Aging & Alzheimer's Disease Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
¹⁰ Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
¹¹ Inserm, Inserm UMR-S U1237, Université de Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France.
¹² Department of Occupational Therapy Education, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
¹³ Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
¹⁴ Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
¹⁵ Department of Neurology, Layton Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
¹⁶ Undergraduate Program of History and Science, Harvard College, Cambridge, MA, USA.
¹⁷ Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
¹⁸ Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine & Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
¹⁹ Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Australia.
²⁰ Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.
²¹ Medical & Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA.
²² Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana de Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain.
²³ Department of Neurosciences and Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of San Diego, CA, USA.
²⁴ Department of Neurology, Section for NeuroEpidemiology, State University of New York - Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
²⁵ Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
²⁶ Adult Development and Aging, University of Victoria, British Columbia, CA, USA.
²⁷ Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
²⁸ VU University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
²⁹ Department of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
³⁰ Sunnybrook Research Institute of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
³¹ Aging and Alzheimer's Disease, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.
³² Department of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
³³ Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA.
³⁴ Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
³⁵ Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
³⁶ School of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Heriot-Watt University, UK; Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia; Neuroprogressive and Dementia Network, UK.
³⁷ Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, CA, USA.
³⁸ Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
³⁹ Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Aiginition Hospital, 1st Neurology Clinic, Department of Social Medicine, Psychiatry and Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
⁴⁰ Department of Psychiatry and The Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, CA, USA.
⁴¹ Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
⁴² Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Neurology, Boston, MA, USA.
⁴³ Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
⁴⁴ Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
⁴⁵ Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
⁴⁶ Centers for Clinical Brain Sciences and Dementia Prevention, University in Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
⁴⁷ Neurochemistry Laboratory and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
⁴⁸ Department of Clinical Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
⁴⁹ Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
⁵⁰ UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
⁵¹ Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA. Electronic address: sid.obryant@unthsc.edu.

PMID: 30555031
PMCID: PMC6368893
DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.09.009

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRDs) are a global crisis facing the aging population and society as a whole. With the numbers of people with ADRDs predicted to rise dramatically across the world, the scientific community can no longer neglect the need for research focusing on ADRDs among underrepresented ethnoracial diverse groups. The Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment (ISTAART; alz.org/ISTAART) comprises a number of professional interest areas (PIAs), each focusing on a major scientific area associated with ADRDs. We leverage the expertise of the existing international cadre of ISTAART scientists and experts to synthesize a cross-PIA white paper that provides both a concise "state-of-the-science" report of ethnoracial factors across PIA foci and updated recommendations to address immediate needs to advance ADRD science across ethnoracial populations.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Alzheimer's related dementias; Diversity; Ethnicity; Ethnoracial; Translational; Underserved.

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References

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Perspectives on ethnic and racial disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: Update and areas of immediate need

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Perspectives on ethnic and racial disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: Update and areas of immediate need

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